Vaccination Effects on SARS-CoV-2 Intra-Host. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the rapid evolution of SARS-CoV-2, partly due to intra-host genetic variations (iSNVs) that occur during viral replication and can be transmitted and become prevalent. These iSNVs, detectable when they surpass a frequency threshold, are seen as indicators of selective pressure and are under investigation, especially regarding the impact of vaccination on viral evolution. Deep sequencing techniques are essential for tracking this genetic diversity and potential mechanisms of vaccine escape. In Brazil, initiatives like LabMovel have utilized genomic and vaccination data to study the virus's evolution amid mass vaccination, particularly during the Delta and Omicron waves.