GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION OF BIOELECTRICAL SIGNALS IN THE HUMAN ORGANISM

Bioelectrical signals are fundamental physiological phenomena that enable communication and coordination between cells, tissues, and organs in the human body. Their formation is primarily associated with ionic movements across cellular membranes, changes in membrane potential, and the activity of voltage-dependent ion channels. Neurons, cardiac cells, and skeletal muscle cells generate characteristic electrical signals that participate in neural transmission, muscle contraction, and regulation of cardiac rhythm. The analysis of these signals has become an important component of modern biomedical engineering and clinical diagnostics. Electrocardiography, electroencephalography, and electromyography provide non-invasive methods for recording bioelectrical activity and obtaining information about the functional state of biological systems. Modern digital signal-processing methods allow physiological signals to be filtered, analyzed, and interpreted with greater accuracy. The integration of computational methods, artificial intelligence, and biomedical technologies further expands the possibilities for automated signal analysis and the development of advanced diagnostic, monitoring, rehabilitation, and brain–computer interface systems.