Mean (± SE) herbaceous root biomass carbon (HROC) and herbaceous aboveground biomass C (Hag OC) in enclosures and open grazing land across four levels of woody encroachment.

** highly significant at p *significant at p NS not significant at p ≥0.05.Encroachment levels: Low woody encroachment site (LE), moderate woody encroachment site (ME), severe woody encroachment site (SE), highest woody encroachment site (HE). N, grazing regime replicates per site. Different lowercase letters represent statistical differences determined by the interaction of grazing regime and woody encroachment terms in the mixed Model andTukey’s means comparisons (P