Gallup Ecclesiastica 2015

The survey studied the religiosity and church membership in Finland as well as people's participation in parish activities. Questions about faith, spiritual matters, and religious communities were asked. The respondents were first asked whether they were members of a church or other religious community. Those who were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland and Orthodox Church were asked about the importance of a number of reasons for the Church membership (e.g. the possibility to participate in Church service, act as a godparent, the Christian values taught by the Church, aid offered by the Church) and whether they had considered quitting the Church. Those who were not members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church were asked whether they had previously quit the Church, what their reasons for quitting had been, whether they had considered joining the Church, and whether they thought that Church members should be able to choose their parish instead of it being assigned according to their area of residence. Participation in parish activities was examined with questions relating to, for example, how often the respondents attended church services or voluntary parish work and how often they prayed, read the Bible, watched or listened to religious programmes on TV or radio, and visited web sites related to religion. A number of questions surveying satisfaction with the parish, its services, and communication were also presented. Next, opinions on issues relating to the Church and religion were examined. The respondents were asked to what extent they agreed or disagreed with statements regarding, for example, the ordination of women, same-sex marriage, and the presence of religion in schools and on TV. Opinions on the status of religious communities and presence of religion in society were charted with questions relating to, for example, whether all religious communities should have equal status in legislation and whether the visibility of religion was acceptable for public officials. Views were probed on the respondents' belief in God as well as the firmness of belief in a number of religious tenets and phenomena (e.g. a good God, angels, the Devil). Religious identity was examined by asking whether the respondents saw themselves as, for instance, religious, spiritual, Christian, Lutheran, religious conservative, atheist or agnostic. Membership in revivalist movements or Lutheran communities was queried as well. The respondents were also asked to choose which statements about religion and religious activities they thought described their childhood home and whether they had taught or would teach their children a bedtime prayer. Attitudes towards other religious communities were examined with questions regarding the gathering places of different religious communities in the respondent's area of residence and the use of visible religious symbols by public officials. The respondents were also asked how many members of other religious communities they knew. Attitudes towards Finland, Finnish nationality and different groups of people were also charted (e.g. whether the respondents thought that Finland was generally a better country than most others, that an essential part of being Finnish was to adopt Finnish customs, and that there would be less problems if everyone was treated equally). Finally, the respondents' personal values were examined with a number of statements regarding, for example, striving for the common good above personal gain, following the law, and gender equality. Statements on spiritual affairs such as the healing power of crystals and giving up a materialistic lifestyle were also presented. Opinions on death were examined with questions relating to what happens after death and how the respondents would want to be buried. The respondents were asked to what extent they agreed or disagreed with statements relating to work, family and leisure activities. Participation in voluntary or organizational activity as well as the most important factors in encouraging participation were also charted. Background variables included, among others, the respondent's year of birth, gender, NUTS2 and NUTS3 regions of residence, level of education, status in employment, household composition and household income.

本调查旨在探究芬兰民众的宗教信仰及教堂成员身份，以及他们对教区活动的参与情况。调查内容涉及信仰、精神事务以及宗教社区等方面。首先，受访者被问及是否为教堂或其他宗教社区成员。对于芬兰福音派路德教会和东正教会的成员，调查了他们加入教会的重要原因（例如，参与教堂礼拜、担任教父、教会所传授的基督教价值观、教会提供的援助）以及他们是否考虑过退出教会。对于非芬兰福音派路德教会成员，调查了他们是否曾退出教会、退出原因、是否考虑过加入教会，以及他们认为教堂成员是否应该有权选择自己的教区而非由居住地分配。通过涉及受访者参加教堂礼拜、志愿教区工作以及祈祷、阅读圣经、观看或收听电视或广播中的宗教节目、访问宗教相关网站的频率等问题，考察了他们在教区活动中的参与度。此外，还提出了关于对教区、其服务及沟通满意度的调查问题。接下来，调查了受访者对与教会和宗教相关问题的观点，例如，对女性神职、同性婚姻、宗教在学校和电视中的存在等问题的看法。通过涉及宗教社区在立法中的平等地位以及宗教在公共官员面前的可见性等问题，绘制了宗教社区在 society 中的地位和宗教存在的图景。调查了受访者对上帝的信仰以及他们对众多宗教教条和现象（例如，善良的神、天使、魔鬼）信仰的坚定程度。通过询问受访者是否将自己视为宗教人士、灵性人士、基督徒、路德教徒、宗教保守派、无神论者或不可知论者，考察了宗教身份。还调查了受访者是否属于复兴运动或路德教社区成员。受访者还被问及他们认为哪些关于宗教和宗教活动的陈述描述了他们的童年家庭，以及他们是否教或打算教他们的孩子睡前祈祷。通过涉及受访者居住地区不同宗教社区的聚集地以及公共官员使用可见宗教符号的问题，考察了他们对其他宗教社区的态度。受访者还被问及他们了解多少其他宗教社区的成员。此外，还绘制了受访者对芬兰、芬兰国籍以及不同人群群体的态度（例如，受访者是否认为芬兰通常比其他国家更优越，成为芬兰人本质上是采纳芬兰习俗，以及如果每个人都受到平等对待，则问题会减少）。最后，通过一系列关于追求公共利益高于个人利益、遵守法律和性别平等等陈述，考察了受访者的个人价值观。还提出了关于晶体治疗的力量和放弃物质主义生活方式等精神事务的观点。通过涉及死后发生的事情以及受访者希望如何被埋葬等问题，考察了他们对死亡的意见。受访者还被问及他们对工作、家庭和休闲活动的看法，以及参与自愿或组织活动的程度以及鼓励参与的最重要的因素。背景变量包括受访者的出生年份、性别、居住地的NUTS2和NUTS3区域、教育水平、就业状况、家庭构成和家庭收入等因素。