Great tits (Parus major) flexibly learn that herbivore-induced plant volatiles indicate prey location – an experimental evidence with two tree species

Birds were split into three groups. Two groups were trained to respective smells or kept naive (Trained to: Psidium, Ulmus, Control). Bird = ID of the bird and each bird entered severa pair-wise tests in which it was suppose to search on trees familiar/unfamiliar to it and trees either chemicall induced or non-induced. The "induced psidium or induced ulmus " were considered as a focal tree, to which the data were related. The type of the tree on the other side of the cage was used as an explanatory factor and is noted in column "Other side". Measured variable were TimeClose = number of seconds spent in the proximity of the tree, TimeOn - time spent onthe tree by real searching for prey, these two variables were then related to the total length of the time spent (TotalTimeCloseTree, TotalTimeOnTree) at any of the offered tree. THe values were expressed as bonamial (Binom) or in percentages (perc). Experiments were run at two cages, their nick-names are "wooden" and "metal".