Supporting data for "Evolutionary genomics of three agricultural pest moths reveals rapid evolution of host adaptation and immune-related genes"

Understanding the genotype of pest species provides an important baseline for designing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. Recently developed long-read sequence technologies make it possible to compare genomic features of non-model pest species to disclose the evolutionary path underlying the pest species profiles. While hundreds of published genomes of lepidopteran species (moths and butterflies) are now available, only a few genome assemblies are publicly available from this diverse and notorious agricultural pest family, Gelechiidae. <br>We sequenced and assembled genomes for three gelechiids: <i>Phthorimaea absoluta</i> (tomato leafminer), <i>Keiferia lycopersicella</i> (tomato pinworm), and <i>Scrobipalpa atriplicella</i> (goosefoot groundling moth). We compared these genomes with published genomes of <i>Phthorimaea operculella</i> and <i>Pectinophora gossypiella</i>, and found that the three solanaceous feeding species, <i>Ph. absoluta, K. lycopersicella</i>, and <i>Ph. operculella</i> are clustered together. Gene family evolution analyses with the five species show clear gene family expansions on hostplant associated genes for the three solanaceous feeding species. These genes are involved in host compound sensing (e.g., gustatory receptors), detoxification (e.g., Cytochrome P450, Glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase, Glutathione S-transferase, Insect cuticle proteins, and UDP-glucuronosyl), and digestion (e.g., serine proteases and Aminopeptidase N-type). A gene ontology enrichment analysis of rapidly evolving genes also suggests enriched functions in host sensing and immunity. Our results indicate that host plant adaptation and pathogen defense could be important drivers in species diversification among gelechiid moths.