Table_1_Higher Coffee Consumption Is Associated With Slower Cognitive Decline and Less Cerebral Aβ-Amyloid Accumulation Over 126 Months: Data From the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Study.DOCX

Background: Worldwide, coffee is one of the most popular beverages consumed. Several studies have suggested a protective role of coffee, including reduced risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there is limited longitudinal data from cohorts of older adults reporting associations of coffee intake with cognitive decline, in distinct domains, and investigating the neuropathological mechanisms underpinning any such associations.Methods: The aim of the current study was to investigate the relationship between self-reported habitual coffee intake, and cognitive decline assessed using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery in 227 cognitively normal older adults from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle (AIBL) study, over 126 months. In a subset of individuals, we also investigated the relationship between habitual coffee intake and cerebral Aβ-amyloid accumulation (n = 60) and brain volumes (n = 51) over 126 months.Results: Higher baseline coffee consumption was associated with slower cognitive decline in executive function, attention, and the AIBL Preclinical AD Cognitive Composite (PACC; shown reliably to measure the first signs of cognitive decline in at-risk cognitively normal populations), and lower likelihood of transitioning to mild cognitive impairment or AD status, over 126 months. Higher baseline coffee consumption was also associated with slower Aβ-amyloid accumulation over 126 months, and lower risk of progressing to “moderate,” “high,” or “very high” Aβ-amyloid burden status over the same time-period. There were no associations between coffee intake and atrophy in total gray matter, white matter, or hippocampal volume.Discussion: Our results further support the hypothesis that coffee intake may be a protective factor against AD, with increased coffee consumption potentially reducing cognitive decline by slowing cerebral Aβ-amyloid accumulation, and thus attenuating the associated neurotoxicity from Aβ-amyloid-mediated oxidative stress and inflammatory processes. Further investigation is required to evaluate whether coffee intake could be incorporated as a modifiable lifestyle factor aimed at delaying AD onset.

背景：在全球范围内，咖啡是广受欢迎的饮品之一。多项研究表明，咖啡具有保护作用，包括降低阿尔茨海默病（AD）的风险。然而，关于咖啡摄入与认知能力下降之间的关联，特别是在不同认知领域以及探究其背后的神经病理学机制方面，来自老年人群队列的纵向数据有限。方法：本研究的目的是调查自我报告的日常咖啡摄入量与认知能力下降之间的关系，认知能力下降是通过在澳大利亚影像、生物标志物与生活方式（AIBL）研究中对227名认知正常的老年成年人进行全面的神经心理学测试评估的，时间跨度为126个月。在部分个体中，我们还研究了日常咖啡摄入量与脑部Aβ-淀粉样蛋白积累（n = 60）和脑体积（n = 51）之间的关系，时间跨度同样为126个月。结果：较高的基线咖啡摄入量与执行功能、注意力以及AIBL临床前期阿尔茨海默病认知复合指数（PACC；可靠地反映高风险认知正常人群认知能力下降的早期迹象）的较慢认知能力下降相关，且在126个月内转变为轻度认知障碍或阿尔茨海默病状态的几率较低。较高的基线咖啡摄入量还与126个月内Aβ-淀粉样蛋白积累的较慢速度相关，以及在同一时间期间降低进展为“中度”、“高度”或“极高”Aβ-淀粉样蛋白负荷状态的几率。咖啡摄入量与全脑灰质、白质或海马体体积的萎缩之间没有发现关联。讨论：我们的结果进一步支持了咖啡摄入可能作为对抗阿尔茨海默病的保护因素的假设，增加咖啡摄入量可能通过减缓脑部Aβ-淀粉样蛋白的积累来减少认知能力下降，从而减轻由Aβ-淀粉样蛋白介导的氧化应激和炎症过程引起的神经毒性。需要进一步的研究来评估咖啡摄入是否可以作为旨在延缓阿尔茨海默病发病的可以改变的生活方式因素。