Sample plots & Lidar variables

The carbon stock values of the sample plots and the corresponding variables extracted by airborne lidar are divided into training samples and validation samples. The sample locations are mainly in the subtropical regions of China, including different sites in Fujian Province, Anhui Province and Guangxi Province. Airborne Lidar datasets spanning 2018 to 2024 were collected across different study areas using various sensor systems. From the CHMs, standard statistical metrics—including mean height (HME), kurtosis (HKU), standard deviation (HSD), and percentile heights (H10, H20, ..., H100)—were extracted using window sizes matching the plot dimensions.