EXCAV-CLAY/15/2830 database

A total of 332 case histories (332 sites) of excavations in clays are collected in the EXCAV-CLAY/15/2830 database, covering 20 countries/regions worldwide, including Austria, Brazil, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, South Africa, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, United Kingdom (UK), and United States (US) (see Table S1 in Supplementary Material). Most sites are located in Taipei, Taiwan (71% of the total sites). Each site usually consists of multiple instrumentations (inclinometer and settlement measurement) with multiple excavation stages. The database contains a total of 2830 excavation stages. The types of retaining wall system in the EXCAV-CLAY/15/2830 database consist of concrete diaphragm wall (DW), contiguous pile wall (CPW), secant pile wall (SPW), and sheet piles (SP), whereas the construction methods consist of bottom-up method (BU, temporary steel strut as lateral support) and top-down method (TD, concrete floor slab as lateral support). According to the type of movement-control measure used in each site, the sites in the database are classified into sites with ground improvement (GI sites), sites with buttress walls (BW sites), sites with cross-walls (CW sites), and sites without movement-control measures (NR sites, denoting “no reinforcement”). Some sites are hybrid, e.g., combining both BW and CW. The GI sites collected in this database are with “full improvement” that span across the excavation area, which is usually achieved by a series of overlapping improvement piles, resulting in a “continuous” base slab (e.g., jet grout slab) over a certain range of depth. The basic information for the case histories, including excavation dimensions, field measurements, soil and structural parameters, and system stiffnesses, is included in Supplementary Material (see Table S1).