RECENT ADVANCES IN CANCER DIAGNOSIS: INTEGRATION OF LIQUID BIOPSY, MOLECULAR BIOMARKERS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, AND ADVANCED IMAGING

Early and accurate diagnosis of cancer is crucial for improving patient outcomes and survival rates. In recent years, rapid technological progress has transformed the field of cancer diagnostics, enabling earlier detection and more precise characterization of tumors. Novel diagnostic approaches such as liquid biopsy, molecular biomarkers, artificial intelligence (AI), and advanced imaging techniques are increasingly being integrated into clinical practice. Liquid biopsy allows non-invasive detection of tumor-derived components such as circulating tumor DNA and circulating tumor cells. Molecular biomarkers provide valuable insights into genetic and epigenetic alterations associated with malignancy. Artificial intelligence has demonstrated significant potential in enhancing radiological and histopathological interpretation, improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, advanced imaging modalities including functional MRI and PET-CT offer improved tumor visualization and staging. The integration of these innovative technologies represents a paradigm shift toward precision oncology, enabling earlier detection, personalized treatment planning, and better monitoring of disease progression. This review summarizes recent advances in cancer diagnosis and highlights the potential of integrating emerging diagnostic technologies to improve cancer detection and management.