A structural investigation of the T cell response towards two major viruses infecting humans

The body defends itself against pathogens through the innate and adaptive immune systems. Immune cells, particularly T cells, interact with antigens to trigger immune responses. CD8+ T cells directly eliminate infected cells, while CD4+ T cells assist in immune cell activation. HIV targets immune cells, weakening the immune system and causing AIDS. "HIV controllers" have superior CD8+ T cell activity and cytolytic CD4+ T cell responses. SARS-CoV-2 infection also affects the immune system, leading to COVID-19. Similarities between HIV and SARS-CoV-2 include HLAs linked to stronger T cell responses. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for HIV and SARS-CoV-2 research.