Differentiation and variability in the endosphere, rhizosphere, and soil microbiomes of healthy and diseased Atractylodes macrocephala root

The root rot of Atractylodes macrocephala, a frequently occurring disease, has caused a notable reduction in both the yield and quality of the plant, dealing a significant blow to China's A. macrocephala industry. However, our current comprehension of the endophytic flora and soil microbial attributes associated with A. macrocephala root rot remains highly restricted. To investigate the relationship, the study utilized A. macrocephala from Zhejiang Province, China as the subject matter. Utilizing Illumina sequencing technology, the study analyzed the 16s rRNA amplification gene of bacteria and the ITS region of fungi. This approach aimed to delve into the intricate relationship between endophytes, the soil's ecological environment, and the occurrence of root rot disease. Additionally, the study isolated, screened, and identified key microorganisms. Furthermore, several fungal strains were isolated through tissue separation and subsequently identified as belonging to the Fusarium genus. In summary, this study comprehensively explored and analyzed the characteristics of rhizosphere, endophyte, and soil across varying disease severity levels. Additionally, it delved into the intricate interactions among microorganisms and successfully isolated candidate pathogenic fungi. These findings lay a solid foundation for soil amelioration and field-based biological control measures.