Gut bacterial,phenylalanine decarboxylase,phenylethylamine,neurotoxicity, liver. Gut bacterial phenylalanine decarboxylase induces brain phenylethylamine accumulation and neurotoxicity in liver failure

To determine whether the fecal microbiota from HE patients could induce neurotoxicity under liver injury and the role of bacterial PDC in this complex gut ecology, we collected fecal microbiota from HE patients (n = 3) or healthy controls (n = 3) and transplanted the microbiota to antibiotic-treated mice. Seven days following transplantation, liver failure was induced using LPS/D-gal. To validate the fidelity of microbiota transplantation, we collected feces from all donors and recipients before inducing liver failure.