Innovative method of impact testing in high temperatures applied in carbon steels

ABSTRACT In this paper, an innovative method of impact tests at high temperature on sub-size Charpy V notched specimens is applied. The innovation lies in the method of heating the specimen, which is performed in situ on a Charpy impact machine type by alternating electrical current through the specimen. The specimens are heated in a few seconds (v=32 ºC/s) and held at the test temperature by an electrical circuit controlled by a thermocouple located on the specimen. Three types of steels are tested; with low, medium and high carbon content (perlitic). The impact energy was measured in the range of ductile fractures, from room temperature to 820 ºC, therefore, for the used steels the range of tested temperature contains the eutectoid phase transformation (AC1) and for the medium carbon steel is includes also has the limiting temperature γ+α / γ (AC3). It is concluded from tests analysis that the impact energy is sensitive to phase transformations. In turn, below AC1 the raise of temperature produced a progressive decrease in the energy absorbed up to a minimum at intermediate temperatures and then up to a maximum prior to phase transformation. Although the initial impetus for the development of this new technology was to estimate the brittle ductile transition that occurs at high temperature for some metal alloys, the wide range of temperatures, high test speed and simplicity of equipment, provides a new research tool for studies at different temperatures, especially on materials having embrittlement activation mechanisms at specific temperature intervals.