Implications of reactions between SO2 and basaltic glasses for the mineralogy of planetary crusts

This data accompanies the paper "Implications of reactions between SO2 and basaltic glasses for the mineralogy of planetary crusts", Journal of Geophysical Research, Planets.

Abstract:
Basalts are ubiquitous in volcanic systems on several planetary bodies, including the Earth, Mars, Venus and Jupiter’s moon Io, and are commonly associated with sulfur dioxide (SO2) degassing. We present the results of an experimental study of reactions between SO2 and basaltic glasses. We examined Fe-free basalt, and Fe-bearing tholeiitic and alkali basalts with a range of Fe3+/Fetotal (0.05 to 0.79) that encompass the oxygen fugacities proposed for most terrestrial planetary bodies. Tholeiitic and alkali basalts were exposed to SO2 at 600, 700 and 800 °C for 1 h and 24 h. Surface coatings formed on the reacted basalts; these contain CaSO4, MgSO4, Na2SO4, Na2Ca(SO4)2, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, Fe-Ti-(Al)-oxides and TiO2. Additionally, the SO2-basalt reaction drives nucleation of crystalline phases in the substrate to form pyroxenes and possible Fe-oxides. A silica-rich layer forms between the substrate and sulfate coatings. More oxidized basalts may readily react with SO2 to form coatings dominated by large Ca-sulfate and oxide grains; if these reactions occur then the products may be detected readily by techniques sampling the upper 10s of microns of the surfaces, such as visible-near infrared and thermal infrared spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and X-ray spectrometry. In less oxidized basalts (NNO-1.5 to NNO-5), reactions with SO2 will form thin, fine-grained aggregates of sulfates; such materials are less readily detected by spectroscopy and spectrometry techniques. In contrast, in very reduced basalts (lower than NNO-5), typical of the Moon and Mercury, SO2 is typically a negligible component in the magmatic gas, and sulfides are more likely.

本数据集伴随论文《二氧化硫与玄武质玻璃反应对行星地壳矿物学影响》的发表，收录于《地球物理研究-行星》期刊。摘要部分如下：玄武质岩石在包括地球、火星、金星以及木星的卫星欧罗巴在内的多个行星体上的火山系统中普遍存在，且通常与二氧化硫（SO2）的脱气作用相关。本研究对SO2与玄武质玻璃之间的反应进行了实验研究。我们考察了不含铁的玄武质岩石、含铁的碱性玄武质和橄榄玄武质，其Fe3+/Fetotal（0.05至0.79）的比值涵盖了大多数地球行星体的氧逸度。碱性玄武质和橄榄玄武质在600、700和800°C下与SO2接触1小时和24小时。反应后的玄武质表面形成了涂层，这些涂层含有CaSO4、MgSO4、Na2SO4、Na2Ca(SO4)2、Fe2O3、Fe3O4、Fe-Ti-(Al)-氧化物和TiO2。此外，SO2-玄武质反应促使基体中结晶相的成核，形成辉石和可能的氧化铁。在基体与硫酸盐涂层之间形成了一层富含二氧化硅的层。更氧化的玄武质可能更容易与SO2反应，形成以大Ca硫酸盐和氧化物颗粒为主的涂层；如果这些反应发生，则产物可以通过采样表面顶部10s微米的技术轻松检测，如可见光近红外光谱、热红外光谱、激光诱导击穿光谱和X射线光谱。在氧化程度较低的玄武质（NNO-1.5至NNO-5）中，与SO2的反应将形成薄的细粒硫酸盐聚集体；这些材料不太容易被光谱和光谱测量技术检测到。相比之下，在非常还原的玄武质（低于NNO-5）中，典型的月球和汞，SO2通常在岩浆气体中是一个可忽略的成分，而硫化物更有可能存在。》