Table 1 in Identification of fossil worm tubes from Phanerozoic hydrothermal vents and cold seeps

Table 1. Summary of systematic designations of tubes from ancient hydrothermal vent and cold seep environments.
Fossil vent/seep tubesPrevious assignmentCurrent assignmentNotesRocky Knob? Siboglinidae (Saether 2011)Annelida incertae sedisNot resolved by PCA or cladistics, broadly resemble vestimentiferan tubes.Upper Waiau River-Animalia incertae sedisNot resolved by more conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23A); missing data and surface concretions make them difficult to place.Bexhaven-SerpulidaeWell preserved calcareous walls, resolved near serpulids by all analyses.West Fork Satsop River-?SiboglinidaeLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible siboglinid affinity.Murdock Creek-?SiboglinidaeLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible siboglinid affinity.Canyon RiverSiboglinidae vestimentiferan (Goedert et al. 2000)? Siboglinidae?vestimentiferanNot resolved by cladistic analyses; however, closely resemble vestimentiferan tubes.Bear River-Animalia incertae sedisOuter morphology of these tubes could not be assessed.OmagariSiboglinidae vestimentiferan (Hikida et al. 2003)? Siboglinidae?vestimentiferanLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible siboglinid affinity; resembles vestimentiferan roots.Okukinenbetsu yellow tubes-Annelida incertae sedisNot resolved by cladistic analyses; outer morphology suggests likely annelid affinity.Okukinenbetsu brown tubes-?SiboglinidaeLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible siboglinid affinity.Troodos collared tubesSiboglinidae vestimentiferan (Little et al. 1999b)? Siboglinidae?vestimentiferanLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible siboglinid affinity. Also resemble serpulid tubes, but resemble siboglinid tubes more closely.Troodos wrinkled tubesSiboglinidae vestimentiferan (Little et al. 1999b)Siboglinidae vestimentiferanResolved near vestimentiferans by all analyses.Troodos attached tubesSiboglinidae vestimentiferan (Little et al. 1999b)Annelida incertae sedisLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible siboglinid affinity, but cluster near serpulids in PCA plot. Characters consistent with both annelid families.Christopher Fm. – Ellef Ringnes IslandSerpulidae (Beauchamp & Savard 1992), vestimentiferan (Williscroft et al. 2017)? Siboglinidae?vestimentiferaLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible vestimentiferan affinity.Christopher Fm. – Prince Patrick IslandSerpulidae (Beauchamp & Savard 1992)? Siboglinidae?vestimentiferaLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23B) suggests possible vestimentiferan affinity.Cold Fork Cottonwood Creek? Siboglinidae?vestimentifera (Campbell et al. 2002)Annelida incertae sedisCladistic analyses suggest possible chaetopterid affinity but outer tube morphology could not be assessed.Wilbur Springs-Animalia incertae sedisPoorly preserved walls; single tube for which outer morphology could be assessed resembles scaphopod.Svalbard? Siboglinidae?vestimentiferan (Hammer et al. 2011; Hryniewicz et al. 2015)Annelida incertae sedisDo not clearly group within a modern annelid family in cladistic analyses, although one tube resembles those of siboglinids in section.FigueroaSiboglinidae vestimentiferanSiboglinidae vestimentiferaResolved among vestimentiferans by all analyses.(Little et al. 2004)Tevidestus serriformisSiboglinidae vestimentiferanAnnelida incertae sedisGroup near chaetopterid tubes in more conservative cladistic analysis(Little et al. 1999 c;(Fig. 23 A); unresolved by less conservative cladistic analysis. AlsoShpanskaya et al. 1999)resemble siboglinid tubes in some respects.Indeterminate annelid Sibay? Annelida incertae sedis? Annelida incertae sedisUnresolved by cladistic analyses; tubes possibly resemble those of(Little et al. 1999 c)annelids more than those of other tubicolous animals.Eoalvinellodes annulatusAnnelida incertae sedisAnimalia incertae sedisLess conservative cladistic analysis (Fig. 23 B), suggests possible(Little et al. 1999 c)chaetopterid affinity, but morphology consistent with severalannelid and potentially non-annelid lineages.Yamankasia rifeiaSiboglinidae vestimentiferanAnimalia incertae sedisGroup with frenulates in cladistic analyses, but the combination of(Little et al. 1999 c;large size and fine parallel wrinkles does not closely resemble anyShpanskaya et al. 1999)of the modern annelid tubes investigated.
(continued)
PCA
: principal coordinate
analysis
.