Data on age related plasma biomarkers

Cross-sectional plasma biomarkers of neuronal death (UCH-L1), neuronal axonal damage (NfL), and astrogliosis/brain inflammation (GFAP) across the lifespan of normal control individuals, individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment was determined by SIMOA. Results show that plasma concentrations of UCH-L1 and NfL rise exponentially from age 2 through age 85, plasma GFAP rises exponentially from age 40. MCI and/or AD diagnosis increase plasma biomarkers of neuronal death/damage nd inflammation. SC treatment of AD trial participants with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) reduces plawma UCH-L1 levels to that found in average five year old controls.