Nanorobot for Synergistically Eradicating Antibiotic-Resistant Biofilms and Resistance Genes

In this study, we developed a novel approach using N4-Pd nanorobots, a dual-functional system designed to target, disrupt, and degrade antibiotic-resistant biofilms and the ARGs released upon bacterial death. The N4-Pd system combines the specificity of the N4 bacteriophage, which selectively targets multidrug-resistant E. coli NDM-1, with the catalytic activity of Pd nanozymes that generate ROS. The N4 bacteriophage provides high selectivity for bacterial targets, while the Pd nanozyme catalyzes ROS generation, effectively enhancing biofilm disruption and promoting the degradation of ARGs. This approach offers a promising strategy for combating environmental contamination caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of resistance genes.