The impact of the second phase amplitude (% to the first phase) on the electroporation efficiency (measured as YP emission)

Cells were electroporated by a train of 5 unipolar 600 ns pulses (0 percent) or bipolar 600 + 600 ns pulses (25, 50, 75, 100 percent) at 1 Hz. 25, 50, 75, and 100% represent the second pulse's amplitude in relation to the first pulse's amplitude. 0% represents a unipolar pulse, where no second pulse was applied. The electrodes were two parallel stainless-steel cylinders, 1.5 mm in diameter and 3 mm apart. Supported by NIH 1R21EY034258