Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey, High-Frequency Tracking Survey 2020-2021 - Bangladesh

Abstract
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The Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey (CBPS) was completed in August 2019, through a partnership between the Yale Macmillan Center Program on Refugees, Forced Displacement, and Humanitarian Responses (Yale Macmillan PRFDHR), the Gender & Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) program, the Poverty and Equity Global Practice of the World Bank and the State and Peacebuilding Fund (SPF) administered by the World Bank. It is a representative survey of the post-2017 population of displaced Rohingya and households in host communities in the Cox’s Bazar district in Bangladesh.

The high-frequency phone tracking (HFT) surveys were built to maintain communication with baseline respondents while collecting rapid data on key welfare indicators on labor, basic needs and education. Three rounds of the HFT have been completed between 2020-2021, which have been used to produce welfare updates on the host and Rohingya population residing in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh, particularly amidst the COVID-19 crisis.

The tracking surveys collected information across three broad welfare dimensions: labor, access to basic needs and education status of school-aged children. Round 1 collected information on labor and access to basic needs only; the module on education was added Round 2 onwards.

Geographic coverage
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Cox's Bazar district and some parts of Bandarban district.

Analysis unit
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Households and individuals

Universe
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a) Rohingya population living in camps and b) host population within Cox's Bazar and Bandarban district.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The CBPS study has a total sample size of 5,020 households (HHs), divided among three strata covering Rohingya refugees in camps and host communities in Cox’s Bazar district and some adjacent regions of Bandarban district. The CBPS HFT attempted to follow the full baseline sample of 5,020 household in each round, with no alterations or additions made to the sampling design. The baseline sampling strategy is detailed below.
The three strata are defined as:
i. Rohingya refugees in camps
ii. High exposure hosts: hosts within 15 km (3-hour walking distance) of camps
iii. Low exposure hosts: hosts at more than 15 km (3-hour walking distance) from camps
(In the datasets, the 'settlement_type' and 'stratum' variables identify the different levels at which the sample is representative)

Defining the camp strata: A two-step data collection on Rohingya refugee prevalence within host communities (i.e., outside of camps) confirmed that prevalence in host communities was low, and that this was the case not only for newer Rohingya displaced, but for the older cohort of displaced, as well. This pattern of refugee prevalence supported having one stratum for the Rohingya displaced living in camps. The sampling strategy for the CBPS therefore focused on generating representative estimates for the camp based Rohingya population in Cox’s Bazar district.

Defining the host strata: For hosts, the sampling strategy was designed to account for the differential implications of a camp-based concentration of close to a million Rohingya displaced for different areas of Cox’s Bazar. To distinguish between host communities that are differentially affected by the arrival of the Rohingya, the CBPS sampling strategy used a threshold of three hours’ walking time from a campsite to define two survey strata: (i) host communities with potentially high exposure (HE) to the displaced Rohingya, and (ii) host communities with potentially low exposure (LE).

Sampling frame: The camp sample uses the Needs and Population Monitoring Round 12 (NPM12) data from the International Organization for Migration as the sampling frame. For the host sample, a combination of the 2011 population census, Admin 4 shapefiles from the Bureau of Statistics and publicly available Google Earth imagery and OpenStreetMaps were used to develop a sampling frame.

Stages of sample selection: For camps, NPM12 divided all camps into 1,954 majhee blocks.1 200 blocks were randomly selected using a probability proportional to the size of the camp. A full listing was carried out in each selected camp block.

For hosts, a two-stage sampling strategy was followed. The first stage of selection was done at the mauza level by strata. A random sample of 66 mauzas was drawn from a frame of 286 mauzas using probability proportional to size. Based on census population size, each mauza was divided into segments of roughly 100-150 households. The second stage selected three segments from each selected mauza with equal probability of selection.

Listing and replacements: Within each selected PSU in camps (blocks) and hosts (mauza-segments), all households (100-150 on average) were listed. Of listed households, 13 households were selected at random for interview, with an additional replacement list of 5 households.
More information on the sampling strategy and process can be found on the published working paper titled “Data Triangulation Strategies to Design a Representative Household Survey of Hosts and Rohingya Displaced in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh”.

Sampling deviation
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While the original sampling strategy was designed to be representative of all camp-based Rohingya displaced, campsites with older Rohingya displaced refused to participate in the listing due to other political sensitivities. This refusal was maintained despite many attempts. Since the older Rohingya displaced were not a separate stratum, a decision was made to drop these households from the survey. Therefore, the attained sample does not contain registered refugees from the two camps – Kutupalong RC and Nayapara RC.

The host sample covers six out of eight upazilas in Cox’s Bazar District (Chakaria, Cox’s Bazar Sadar, Pekua, Ramu, Teknaf, and Ukhia upazilas) and one upazila in Bandarban District (Naikhongchhori upazila). The two upazilas not covered within the sample are the islands of Kutubdia and Maheshkhali.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The R1 tracking questionnaire was developed as a lean version of the questionnaire implemented during the CBPS baseline. The R2 and R3 questionnaires retained certain aspects of the R1 questionnaire, but also added more detailed questions on aspects such as food security (in consultation with UN-WFP) and credit-seeking and coping behavior based on findings observed in previous rounds and dynamic research needs within the COVID-19 crisis.

One questionnaire was developed per round of data collection with modules containing household level questions on access to basic needs, credit-seeking behavior, access to health services, vaccinations and individual level questions on labor market status. Any adult, knowledgeable member of the confirmed sample household were eligible to answer the household modules. The labor module was only permitted if the respondent reached was any one of the 2-3 selected adults within the household who had completed the baseline adult questionnaires.

Questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Bengali. The translations to Bengali were thoroughly reviewed by the World Bank team’s local consultants to ensure quality. Pretesting and piloting were done using the Bengali questionnaires.

All questionnaires and modules in English are provided as external resources.

Cleaning operations
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Data was collected through computer-assisted telephone interviews via SurveyCTO, an ODK-based platform. Maintenance of correct questionnaire flow was ensured through in-built skips and logic checks within the programmed questionnaire.

No manual data corrections were made on submitted interviews by the data processing team. Interviews flagged as needing field corrections due to mistaken entries were re-submitted by enumerators upon strict evaluation by the project team upon close review of the concerns raised and filtered by the program automatically before closing of data collection in each round.

In addition to logic checks within the survey program itself, extensive data consistency checks and quality indicators were developed by the WB team to monitor data quality during survey implementation. Field debriefs were held frequently during the piloting phase and first week of data collection, and once a week in latter weeks to provide feedback to enumerators and gain clarity on data quality concerns.

Post data collection, structural and consistency checks have been conducted on each round dataset and in-between datasets from different rounds.

Response rate
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The response rates at household level for each round of the CBPS HFT, based on the baseline sample of 5,020 and disaggregated at stratum-level are:
Round 1: Overall - 67%; Camps - 54%; High exposure: 71%; Low exposure: 72%
Round 2: Overall - 72%; Camps - 63%; High exposure: 81%; Low exposure: 80%
Round 3: Overall - 68%; Camps - 55%; High exposure: 81%; Low exposure: 80%

*Note that the Round 1 tracking exercise was a joint-effort between the Yale Y-Rise team and the WB team. The Yale team contacted and surveyed a randomly selected 25% of baseline households, while the WB team completed the remaining 75%. The Round 1 dataset contains data on this segment of the sample only as the welfare surveys implemented by the teams were different.

摘要
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科克斯巴扎调查组（Cox’s Bazar Panel Survey, CBPS）于2019年8月完成，由耶鲁麦克米伦中心难民、强迫迁移和人权响应项目（Yale Macmillan PRFDHR）、性别与青春期：全球证据（GAGE）项目、世界银行贫困与平等全球实践以及世界银行管理的国家和平建设基金（SPF）合作完成。该调查是对孟加拉国科克斯巴扎地区2017年后流离失所的罗兴亚人和宿主社区家庭的代表性调查。

高频电话跟踪调查（HFT）旨在在收集关于劳动力、基本需求和教育的关键福利指标数据的同时，保持与基线受访者的沟通。2020-2021年间完成了三轮HFT，用于生成关于居住在孟加拉国科克斯巴扎的宿主和罗兴亚人福利的最新更新，尤其是在COVID-19危机期间。

跟踪调查收集了涵盖三个广泛福利维度的信息：劳动力、基本需求的获取以及学龄儿童的教育状况。第一轮仅收集了关于劳动力和基本需求的信息；教育模块从第二轮开始添加。

地理覆盖范围
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科克斯巴扎地区和班杜兰地区的一部分。

分析单位
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家庭和个人

总体
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a) 营地内的罗兴亚人口和b) 科克斯巴扎和班杜兰地区的宿主人口。

数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]

抽样程序
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CBPS研究共有5,020户家庭的样本（HHs），分为三个层次，涵盖科克斯巴扎地区营地的罗兴亚难民和邻近班杜兰地区的一些宿主社区。CBPS HFT试图在每个轮次中跟踪5,020户家庭的基线样本，对抽样设计没有进行修改或添加。基线抽样策略如下。

三个层次定义为：
i. 营地内的罗兴亚难民
ii. 高暴露宿主：距离营地15公里（3小时步行距离）内的宿主
iii. 低暴露宿主：距离营地超过15公里（3小时步行距离）的宿主
（在数据集中，'settlement_type'和'stratum'变量标识了样本代表性的不同层级）

定义营地层次：通过对宿主社区（即营地外）罗兴亚难民普遍性的两步数据收集（即，罗兴亚难民普遍性），确认了宿主社区的普遍性较低，这种情况不仅适用于新流离失所的罗兴亚人，也适用于较老的流离失所群体。这种难民普遍性的模式支持为居住在营地的罗兴亚难民设立一个层次。因此，CBPS的抽样策略集中在生成科克斯巴扎地区基于营地的罗兴亚人口的代表性估计。

定义宿主层次：对于宿主，抽样策略旨在考虑营地内近百万罗兴亚难民集中对科克斯巴扎地区不同地区的影响差异。为了区分受罗兴亚人到来影响程度不同的宿主社区，CBPS抽样策略使用从营地到宿主社区的三小时步行时间为阈值，定义了两个调查层次：（i）可能对流离失所的罗兴亚人具有高暴露（HE）的宿主社区和（ii）可能对流离失所的罗兴亚人具有低暴露（LE）的宿主社区。

抽样框架：营地样本使用国际移民组织第12轮需求与人口监测（NPM12）数据作为抽样框架。对于宿主样本，结合了2011年人口普查、统计局的Admin 4形状文件以及公开可用的Google Earth图像和OpenStreetMaps来开发抽样框架。

样本选择阶段：对于营地，NPM12将所有营地划分为1,954个majhee街区。1,200个街区使用与营地规模成比例的概率随机选择。在每个选定的营地街区中进行了全面登记。

对于宿主，采用两阶段抽样策略。第一阶段的选择是在mauza层次按层次进行的。从286个mauza中随机抽取了66个mauza作为样本，使用与规模成比例的概率。根据人口普查人口规模，每个mauza被划分为大约100-150户家庭的部分。第二阶段从每个选定的mauza中随机选择三个部分。

登记和替换：在每个选定的PSU（街区）和宿主（mauza部分）中，列出了所有家庭（平均100-150户）。在列出的家庭中，随机选择了13户家庭进行访谈，并额外准备了一份5户家庭的替换名单。

更多关于抽样策略和过程的信息，请参阅已发布的题为“设计科克斯巴扎孟加拉国宿主和罗兴亚流离失所者的代表性家庭调查的数据三角测量策略”的工作论文。

抽样偏差
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尽管原始抽样策略旨在代表所有基于营地的罗兴亚难民，但较老的罗兴亚难民营地拒绝参与登记，原因是其他政治敏感性。尽管尝试多次，但这一拒绝态度一直保持不变。由于较老的罗兴亚难民不是一个单独的层次，因此决定从调查中删除这些家庭。因此，获得的样本不包括来自两个营地——库图帕朗RC和纳亚帕拉RC的注册难民。

宿主样本涵盖了科克斯巴扎地区八个行政区中的六个（查卡里亚、科克斯巴扎萨达尔、佩库亚、拉穆、特克纳夫和乌基亚行政区）以及班杜兰地区的一个行政区（奈赫孔乔里行政区）。样本中没有涵盖的两个行政区是库图布迪亚岛和马赫什卡拉利岛。

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]

研究工具
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R1跟踪问卷被开发为CBPS基线期间实施的问卷的精简版。R2和R3问卷保留了R1问卷的一些方面，但还增加了关于食品安全（与联合国世界粮食计划署协商）、基于前几轮观察到的发现以及COVID-19危机期间的动态研究需求等方面的更详细问题。

每个数据收集轮次开发了一份问卷，其中包含关于基本需求获取、信用寻求行为、医疗服务获取、疫苗接种和家庭层面的问题，以及关于劳动力市场状况的个人层面的问题。任何确认样本家庭的成年、有知识成员都有资格回答家庭模块。只有当受访者是家庭中完成基线成人问卷的2-3位选定成年人之一时，才允许回答劳动力模块。

问卷用英语编写并翻译成孟加拉语。孟加拉语翻译由世界银行团队的当地顾问彻底审查，以确保质量。使用孟加拉语问卷进行了预测试和试点。

所有英语问卷和模块均作为外部资源提供。

数据清理操作
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数据通过计算机辅助电话访谈通过SurveyCTO，一个基于ODK的平台收集。通过程序中内置的跳过和逻辑检查确保了正确的问题流程。

数据处理团队没有对提交的访谈进行手动数据校正。由于错误输入而被标记为需要现场纠正的访谈，在项目团队对提出的问题进行严格审查后，由普查员重新提交。

除了在调查程序本身中进行逻辑检查外，世界银行团队还开发了广泛的数据一致性检查和质量指标，以在调查实施期间监控数据质量。在试点阶段和数据收集的第一周期间，以及后续每周，都经常举行现场简报会，以向普查员提供反馈并获得关于数据质量问题的清晰度。

数据收集后，对每个轮次的数据集以及不同轮次之间的数据集进行了结构性和一致性检查。

响应率
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CBPS HFT每轮的户级响应率，基于5,020户基线样本并按层次分解如下：

轮次1：总体 - 67%；营地 - 54%；高暴露： 71%；低暴露：72%
轮次2：总体 - 72%；营地 - 63%；高暴露： 81%；低暴露：80%
轮次3：总体 - 68%；营地 - 55%；高暴露： 81%；低暴露：80%

*请注意，轮次1跟踪活动是耶鲁Y-Rise团队和世界银行团队的联合努力。耶鲁团队联系并调查了基线家庭的随机选择的25%，而世界银行团队完成了剩余的75%。轮次1数据集中只包含该样本段的数据，因为两个团队实施的社会福利调查不同。