Summary of the tests evaluating seasonal variation at the assemblage level.

Study sites are the same as described in Fig. 1. For tests based on randomizations (composition and abundance) the standardized effect size is provided (Z = (Observed value – Expected value)/StDev of expected values). The Z-score quantifies, in units of standard deviation, the position of the observed metric within the simulated distribution. Significant relationships (p-value ≤0.05) appear in bold and marginally significant relationships (0.05). Structure: result of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test evaluating seasonal changes in bat assemblages regarding their structure (species rank distribution). Detailed information about these analyses are presented in the method section.