Average crown formation times (in days) determined by histological methods.

Tooth/cusp types: U—upper, L—lower, I—incisor, C—canine, P—premolar, M—molar, buc—buccal cusp, ling—lingual cusp, mb—mesiobuccal cusp, ml—mesiolingual cusp, db—distobuccal cusp, dl—distolingual cusp. Homo sapiens European (EUR) and South African (SA) ranges and sample sizes given in refs. 54, 83. Pan troglodytes data modified from refs. [72, 84, 85, 88, 104]; Gorilla gorilla data from refs. [10, 89, 105, 106]; samples sizes for extant apes are given in parentheses when greater than one. Fossil hominin sample sizes are given in parentheses when greater than one; A. anamensis values reported for periodicity of 5 or 6 days in KNM-KP 34725; StW 151 values based on cuspal daily secretion rates of 5.53 um/day (A. africanus) from ref. [53] and 6.06 um/day (early Homo, determined from this study); KB 5223 values based on cuspal daily secretion rates from ref. [57] and long-period line periodicity values of 12 or 13.Average crown formation times (in days) determined by histological methods.