Seed dormancy revisited: dormancy-release pathways and environmental interactions

1. Many internal (inherent) and environmental (imposed) factors control seed dormancy and germina-tion from which we can derive three basic dormancy-release pathways: Maternal structures and embryo physiology control inherent dormancy that is broken by various types of scarification and physiological changes, followed by imposed-dormancy release when replaced by certain ‘standard’ environmental conditions that stimulate germination (pathway 1); imposed dormancy prevails even if inherent dorman-cy is broken or not applicable that is released when replaced by certain ‘standard’ environmental condi-tions which stimulate germination (pathway 2); release from inherent dormancy by light/dark or cold stratification is contingent on existing presence of certain ‘standard’ environmental conditions that stim-ulate germination (pathway 3).
2. On-plant seed storage (serotiny) and frugivorous seeds are recognized here as representing special types of physical dormancy, as their properties are consis..., Data are compiled from published references, in all cases, the reference is provided., Files are comma-delimited and can be opened with any spreadsheet, database, or statiscal software. In R they can directly be open with the function read.csv, e.g. 
dat<- read.csv(\"Lamont-Pausas-2023-FE_data_germination.csv\")