TRANSLATING UZBEK KINSHIP ADDRESS FORMS IN YOQUBOV'S ULUG'BEK XAZINASI: PRAGMATIC DIMENSIONS OF AKA, OPA, AND KELIN

This article examines the translation of Uzbek kinship address forms — specifically aka (elder brother; respectful form of address for any older male), opa (elder sister; respectful address for older women), and kelin (daughter-in-law; young married woman) — in the English translation of Odil Yoqubov’s historical novel Ulug'bek Xazinasi. These address forms carry pragmatic information about social hierarchy, gender relations, and age-based respect that is grammatically obligatory in Uzbek but has no direct equivalent in English. Drawing on Baker’s theory of pragmatic equivalence and Nida’s dynamic equivalence, the article demonstrates that their translation requires contextual strategies that preserve social meaning without imposing alien cultural norms on the target text.