Supplementary files for the research "Earth had a thick crust for the first one billion years" by Zuo et al.

This study examines whether early Earth had a significant crust by analyzing hafnium isotopic compositions in ancient crustal rocks. The findings suggest that alterations, possibly from metasomatic fluids or melts, affected hafnium records, leading to apparently contradictory interpretations about crust thickness. Through geochemical modeling, the study resolves these discrepancies, supporting the presence of a thick crust during Earth's first billion years.