Optimizing Rainwater Harvesting Systems by Analyzing Catchment Area and Storage Capacity

This study investigates the efficiency of an optimized rainwater harvesting system integrated with a filtration unit and micro-hydro turbine. The pre-experimental research revealed that the system successfully captured 0.625 gallons of rainwater out of a 5-gallon container, although the turbine produced varying voltage outputs (4.08V, 4.06V, and 3.62V) with a maximum of 9V, falling short of the expected 12V due to fluctuations in water flow and pressure. Despite this, the filtration system significantly improved the pH level of the water, from 5.67 (before filtration) to 6.14 (after), with a paired sample T-test confirming statistical significance (p = 0.006), ensuring the water’s safety for household use but not potability because only pH level was tested. The system operated efficiently during automation, though minor leaks required adjustments. The study addresses key issues related to water collection, energy generation, and filtration efficiency, highlighting areas for further improvement, particularly turbine performance and water pressure optimization. The study demonstrates the potential of integrating renewable energy with rainwater harvesting to provide sustainable water and power solutions. While the filtration system successfully improved pH levels for non-potable household use, further research is needed to optimize filtration, enhance turbine performance to meet voltage expectations, and develop automation for real-time monitoring. The study's limitations include the small-scale prototype, limited water quality evaluation (only pH), and insufficient turbine output. Future research should focus on improving system durability, energy generation, and scalability for broader applications in residential and community settings. Enhancing cost-effectiveness and adaptability will be key to large-scale adoption.