Supplemental Figure 1

Effects of heat stress and dietary organic acid and pure botanical supplementation on productive performance, milk composition and feed efficiency of pregnant multiparous lactating Holstein cows. Body weight (A), live weight variation (B), total water intake (C), 3.5% FCM (D), milk lactose percent (E), milk lactose yield (F), total solids percent (G), somatic cell count (SCC; H), milk efficiency (I), ECME (J), and 3.5% ECME (K). Cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments at enrollment: unsupplemented thermoneutral conditions (TN-Con, n = 12), heat-stress with no organic acids and pure botanicals (OA/PB) supplementation (HS-Con, n = 12), thermoneutral conditions pair-fed to HS-Con (TN-PF, n = 12), HS supplemented with OA/PB (75 mg/kg of body weight [BW]; AviPlus R; VetAgro S.p.A., Italy; HS-OAPB, n = 10). Control cows (not supplemented with OA/PB) received a matching dose of the lipid matrix. BL: baseline values for acclimation period.