Aims Guidelines divide patients with heart failure (HF) into 3 distinct groups based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) We used the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ)
3D echocardiography volumes and ejection fraction of the left and right ventricle in patients with various cardiac diseaes who were followed for 3.7 years after the echo study to assess outcome
The clinical impact of heart rate (HR) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a matter of debate. Among those with HFpEF, chronotropic incompetence (CI) has emerged as a pathophy
