Simultaneous removal of ammonia, cadmium, and oxytetracycline via a double-layer immobilized bioreactor driven by manganese redox: Optimization and potential mechanism

The coexistence of ammonia nitrogen , heavy metals and antibiotics in composite polluted wastewater has garnered significant attention. This study developed a novel double layer biological carrier using sodium alginate, diatomite, polyvinyl alcohol, manganese-modified biochar, and pyrolusite, loaded with strains YZ8 and MA23 to form an efficient bioreactor.This study provides new insights into addressing the issue of composite water environmental pollution.