Survey of Agricultural Holdings 2022 - Georgia

Abstract
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The sample design of the Machinery, Equipment and Asset module survey is based on the sample of the current Survey of Agricultural Holdings, so firstly given the design of the current Survey. The main purpose of the Survey of Agricultural Holdings as well as Machinery, Equipment and Asset module is to produce official indicators in line with agricultural sector.

The survey allows the compilation of statistics on crops and animal husbandry, of which information annual and permanent crops, sown area, average yield of annual crops, farming practices and their linkages with the natural environment, crop and livestock production methods, access to and use of information services, infrastructure and communal resources and etc. Statistical tables are accessible through the following link: https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/196/agriculture.

Machinery, Equipment and Asset Module is part of main Survey of Agricultural Holdings. One round of the main survey (reference year) includes 5 inquiries: The Inception interview is carried out using the inception questionnaire during the period of January-February of the reference year. During this interview the sampled holdings are identified and situation existing at the holding as of first January is recorded. I, II and III quarter interviews are conducted by means of quarterly questionnaire at the beginning of the following month of the corresponding quarter of the reference year. Based on these surveys, the information about agricultural activities during the corresponding quarter is collected. The final interview is conducted by means of final questionnaire in January of the following year of the reference year. During this interview, the information about agricultural activities at the holding during IV quarter of the reference year and the summery information about agricultural activities at the holding during the whole reference year (from 1 January to 31 December of the previous year) are collected. During all five interviews, the same agricultural holdings (about 12,000) are interviewed which are selected by a two-stage stratified cluster random sampling procedure out of about 642,000 agricultural holdings operated in Georgia. On the first stage, clusters (settlements) are selected. On the second stage, holdings are selected within the selected clusters.

The survey completely covers the territory of Georgia, excluding the occupied territories of Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region. Each year a new sample is selected based on a rotational design (on a 3-year basis). In particular, every year approximately 4,000 holdings out of the 12,000 sampled holdings are replaced by new holdings. Sampled holdings participate in the survey for 3 years. Large agricultural holdings are sampled every year with complete coverage. The statistical unit of the survey is the agricultural holding (family holdings and agricultural enterprises) - which is defined as an economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form or size. Agricultural activities are conducted under the supervision of a holder (in case of households - a member of household, in case of agricultural enterprises - director or authorized person), who is responsible for making decisions and takes all economic risks and expenses related to agricultural activities.

More than 270 interviewers participate in the survey fieldwork. For the Data collection, computer-assisted personal interviewing method (CAPI) is used in the family holdings. In case of agricultural enterprises, the authorized persons of the enterprises (respondent) fill the electronic (online) questionnaires by themselves (CAWI). Coordination of the interviewers and the primary control of the collected data during the field is carried out by coordinators. Their working area covers several municipalities. The function of the coordinators also includes consultation for agricultural enterprises on methodological and technical issues related to the survey.

Machinery, Equipment and Asset module field work was carried out from April 18 to May 25 of 2023. 215 field staff were participated in the survey 22 of which were field supervisors. In total 6,010 agricultural holdings were selected for the MEA survey Since in the MEA survey we collect information about the condition of the farms in 2022, therefore, those farms currently in the selection and which were under observation in 2022 as well, should be selected. Such are the farms of rotation 2 and rotation 3. All extra-large farms will participate in the survey. Currently 702 extra-large farms and 7232 second and third rotations farms are participating in the survey who were interviewed in the third quarter of the 2022. All holdings of the third rotation clusters were selected. Besides that, using simple random sampling approximately 50% of the working clusters of the second rotation were selected in each stratum. All holdings from selected clusters were involved in the sampling. A total of about 6,010 farms were selected.

Geographic coverage
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Entire country (Georgia), excluding occupied regions (Abkhazia and Tskhinvali region)

Analysis unit
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Agricultural holding – economic unit of agricultural production under single management comprising all livestock kept and all land used wholly or partly for agricultural production purposes, without regard to title, legal form or size in which agricultural activities are conducted under the supervision of a holder, who is responsible for making decisions and takes all economic risks and expenses related to agricultural activities.

Universe
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Survey sampling frame includes about 642,000 agriculture holdings (households and agricultural enterprises) operated in country. The Agricultural Census 2014 is the main source of the sample frame. Sampling frame is updated on a permanent basis in according to the results of survey of agricultural holdings, business register and different administrative sources.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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The sample design of the Machinery, Equipment and Asset module survey is based on the sample of the current Survey of Agricultural Holdings, so firstly given the design of the current Survey.
• Main Source of the sample frame since 2016 - Agricultural Census 2014;
• Sample frame contained 642 000 holding - sample size 12 000 (1.9%);
• Sample Design: two-stage stratified cluster random sampling;
- First stage - selection of cluster (Settlement);
- Second stage - Selection of holdings within the selected clusters;
• Each year a new sample is selected based on a rotational design;
- Every year 1/3 of holdings (4 000) selected a year before are replaced (Sampled holdings participate in the survey during 3 years);
• Extremely large agricultural holdings are sampled every year with complete coverage;
• Additional Sources for updating sample frame: Sample Survey of Agricultural Holdings, Statistical Business Register, Administrative data existing in MEPA (large agricultural holdings);
Sampling error of main indicators do not exceed 5% for a country level and 10% for a regional level;
The sample design of the Machinery, Equipment and Asset module survey:
• Sample Design:Two-stage cluster sampling was used for the survey.
-Sample is formed separately in each stratum. At first, clusters are selected in every stratum, and then holdings from selected clusters are selected for survey.
-Extra-large holdings will be in the sample by probability 1. That is, all clusters of extra-large holdings and all extra-large holdings from these clusters fall into sample.
-Primary sampling unit in the rest of the strata is the cluster. The same number of holdings will be interviewed in all the selected clusters of a stratum. Specifically, in small holding strata, 12 holdings will be interviewed in each selected cluster. This number is 8 for medium-sized strata and 4 for large strata.
-In each stratum the number of clusters that have to be selected is calculated by dividing the number of holdings to be selected in the stratum by the number of holdings to be interviewed in each cluster of the stratum.
-In each stratum selection of clusters is done by the PPS method (Probability Proportionally to Size).
-The selection of holdings in each selected cluster is made using a random systematic sample.
• Rotational design: Survey has a panel design. Holdings, which will get into the sample, will stay there for three years. After this, they will be substituted by holdings from the same stratum.
-The database lists 943 extra-large holdings. All of them will constantly participate in the survey. Their rotation group number will be "0". Of the remaining holdings each of them will belong to one of the three rotation groups. Holdings selected from the same cluster will fall in the same rotation group. Each rotation group will have more or less the same number of holdings. Each rotation group represents an independent random sample.
-When holdings change by rotation , holding from the sample will be substituted by the new one from the same cluster. If the cluster does not have enough holdings to make the full rotation, then the cluster is deemed exhausted and is substituted by a randomly selected cluster from the same stratum.
-Newly introduced holdings will belong to the same rotation group which its predecessor belonged to.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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Detailed information on structure, and sections of questionnaires used in the survey of agricultural holdings are available in following link: https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/686/agriculture-holdings-surveys

Cleaning operations
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After the field work, cleaning and harmonization of all inquiries are established at the Geostat head office - logical and arithmetical inconsistencies, as well as non-typical and suspicious data are detected, checked and corrected. Verification of the data is performed by contacting the respondents by phone. If verification with respondent is impossible, different imputation methods are used. Finally, indicators are calculated using weighted data. The obtained results are compared with corresponding results of the previous periods. In case of significant differences, the possible causes are identified and analyzed.

Response rate
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In the MEA survey 194 holdings were not surveyed due to the holding refusing to be interviewed or not found during the fieldwork despite its existence. This is about 3.2% of the total sampled holdings of 6010 holdings involved in the sample.

摘要
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本机械、设备与资产模块调查的样本设计基于当前农业经营状况调查的样本设计，故首先阐述当前调查的设计。农业经营状况调查及机械、设备与资产模块调查的主要目的是生成符合农业产业官方指标的指标体系。
该调查允许编制关于作物和畜牧业统计数据，包括年度和永久作物信息、播种面积、年度作物平均产量、耕作实践及其与自然环境的联系、作物和畜牧生产方法、信息服务的获取和使用、基础设施和社区资源等。统计表格可通过以下链接获取：https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/196/agriculture。
机械、设备与资产模块是农业经营状况调查的组成部分。一次主要调查（基准年）包括五次调查：基准年一月份至二月期间，通过起始问卷进行起始访谈。在此访谈中，识别样本经营主体，并记录起始年一月份的经营主体状况。I、II和III季度访谈通过基准年相应季度的下一个月初的季度问卷进行。基于这些调查，收集相应季度的农业活动信息。基准年下一年一月份通过最终问卷进行最终访谈。在此访谈中，收集基准年第四季度的农业活动信息以及整个基准年（前一年1月1日至12月31日）的农业活动汇总信息。在所有五次访谈中，对相同的农业经营主体（约12,000个）进行访谈，这些经营主体是通过从约642,000个在格鲁吉亚运营的农业经营主体中，采用两阶段分层集群随机抽样程序选出的。在第一阶段，选择集群（定居点）。在第二阶段，在所选集群内选择经营主体。
调查完全覆盖了格鲁吉亚的领土，不包括阿布哈兹自治共和国和茨欣瓦利地区的占领领土。每年根据轮换设计（三年一轮）选择新的样本。具体而言，每年约4,000个样本经营主体中的12,000个将被新的经营主体所取代。样本经营主体参与调查三年。大型农业经营主体每年进行完全覆盖的抽样。调查的统计单位是农业经营主体（家庭经营主体和农业企业）——它被定义为在单一管理下，包括所有饲养的牲畜和全部用于农业生产的土地的经济生产单位，不考虑所有权、法律形式或规模。在经营主体的监督下进行农业活动，经营主体（在家庭的情况下——家庭成员，在农业企业的情况下——董事或授权人员）负责做出决策，并承担与农业活动相关的所有经济风险和费用。
超过270名访谈员参与了调查的实地工作。在家庭经营主体中，使用计算机辅助个人访谈法（CAPI）进行数据收集。在农业企业中，企业的授权人员（受访者）自行填写电子（在线）问卷（CAWI）。访谈员之间的协调和现场收集数据的初级控制由协调员负责。他们的工作区域涵盖几个市政区域。协调员的功能还包括就调查的相关方法论和技术问题向农业企业提供咨询。
机械、设备与资产模块的实地工作于2023年4月18日至5月25日进行。共有215名现场工作人员参与了调查，其中22名为现场监督员。总共选定了6,010个农业经营主体进行MEA调查。由于MEA调查收集的是关于2022年农场状况的信息，因此，那些目前被选中并在2022年也接受观察的农场应被选中。这些是轮换2和轮换3的农场。所有超大型农场都将参与调查。目前，有702个超大型农场和7,232个第二和第三轮换的农场参与调查，它们在2022年第三季度接受了访谈。选定了所有第三轮换集群的经营主体。除此之外，在每一层中，通过简单随机抽样，每个轮换的第二轮工作集群中约50%的集群被选中。所有选定的集群中的经营主体都参与了抽样。总共选定了约6,010个农场。
地理覆盖范围
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整个国家（格鲁吉亚），不包括占领地区（阿布哈兹和茨欣瓦利地区）
分析单元
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农业经营主体——在单一管理下，包括所有饲养的牲畜和全部用于农业生产的土地的经济生产单位，不考虑所有权、法律形式或规模，在经营主体的监督下进行农业活动，经营主体负责做出决策，并承担与农业活动相关的所有经济风险和费用。
总体
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调查抽样框架包括约642,000个在国内外运营的农业经营主体（家庭和企业）。2014年农业普查是抽样框架的主要来源。抽样框架根据农业经营状况调查、商业登记册和不同的行政来源的结果进行永久性更新。
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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机械、设备与资产模块调查的样本设计基于当前农业经营状况调查的样本设计，故首先阐述当前调查的设计。
• 自2016年以来，抽样框架的主要来源——2014年农业普查；
• 抽样框架包含642,000个经营主体——样本量12,000（1.9%）；
• 样本设计：两阶段分层集群随机抽样；
- 第一阶段：选择集群（定居点）；
- 第二阶段：在所选集群内选择经营主体；
• 每年根据轮换设计选择新的样本；
- 每年选定的前一年1/3的经营主体（4,000个）被替换（样本经营主体参与调查三年）；
• 极大型农业经营主体每年进行完全覆盖的抽样；
• 更新抽样框架的附加来源：农业经营状况样本调查、商业登记册、MEPA中存在的行政数据（大型农业经营主体）；主要指标的国家层面抽样误差不超过5%，区域层面不超过10%；
机械、设备与资产模块调查的样本设计：
• 样本设计：调查采用了两阶段集群抽样。
- 在每个层中分别形成样本。首先，在每个层中选择集群，然后从所选集群中选择经营主体进行调查。
- 极大型经营主体以1的概率进入样本。即，所有极大型经营主体的集群以及这些集群中的所有极大型经营主体都进入样本。
- 在其他层中的基本抽样单位是集群。每个层中选定的集群中将被访谈的经营主体数量相同。具体而言，在小型经营主体层中，每个选定的集群中将访谈12个经营主体。该数字在中型层中为8，在大型层中为4。
- 在每个层中，必须选择的集群数量通过将层中要选定的经营主体数量除以层中每个集群要访谈的经营主体数量计算得出。
- 在每个层中，集群的选择是通过PPS方法（按规模成比例抽样）进行的。
- 在每个选定的集群中，经营主体的选择是通过随机系统抽样进行的。
• 轮换设计：调查具有面板设计。将进入样本的经营主体将保持三年。之后，它们将被同一层中的经营主体所替代。
- 数据库列出943个极大型经营主体。它们将始终参与调查。它们的轮换组编号为“0”。其余的经营主体中的每一个都将属于三个轮换组之一。来自同一集群选定的经营主体将属于同一轮换组。每个轮换组将拥有或多或少相同数量的经营主体。每个轮换组代表一个独立的随机样本。
- 当经营主体通过轮换而变化时，样本中的经营主体将由同一集群中的新经营主体所替代。如果集群没有足够的经营主体来完成完整的轮换，则该集群被视为耗尽，并由同一层中随机选择的集群所替代。
- 新引入的经营主体将属于其前任所属的同一轮换组。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]
研究工具
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关于调查中使用的问卷的结构和部分的详细信息可在以下链接中找到：https://www.geostat.ge/en/modules/categories/686/agriculture-holdings-surveys
清洗操作
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在实地工作之后，Geostat总部建立了所有调查的清理和协调——检测、检查和纠正逻辑和算术不一致性、非典型和可疑数据。通过电话联系受访者进行数据验证。如果无法与受访者进行验证，则使用不同的插补方法。最后，使用加权数据计算指标。获得的结果与前期相应的结果进行比较。在出现显著差异的情况下，识别并分析可能的原因。
响应率
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在MEA调查中，由于经营主体拒绝接受访谈或尽管存在但未在实地工作中找到，导致194个经营主体未进行调查。这大约占样本总量6010个经营主体的3.2%。