Taxonomic and pathogenic characterization of Phytopythium species from West Azarbaijan, Iran, and description of two new species

Phytopythium is a globally distributed genus, species of which occur in various ecological niches. Despite their importance as plant pathogens, information on species diversity and their distribution in West Azarbaijan Province of Iran is limited. This study aimed to investigate the taxonomy and plant pathogenicity of Phytopythium isolates recovered from soils in the province. A polyphasic taxonomy based on morphological, cultural, and multilocus sequence data revealed two new species, described here as P. babaiaharii and P. longitubum. In addition, a putatively new species and five known species, P. boreale, P. carbonicum, P. mercuriale, P. ostracodes, and P. vexans, were found in the studied region. Phytopythium ostracodes, P. mercuriale, and P. boreale were the three most frequent species isolated from soil, although P. mercuriale was only found in one field. Among the studied species, P. mercuriale, P. ostracodes, and P. vexans exhibited various levels of pathogenicity on sugar beet, sunflower, and tomato, and P. boreale was documented for first time as a plant pathogen. Phytopythium ostracodes was highly aggressive on sugar beet and sunflower but lowly aggressive on tomato, whereas P. vexans exhibited high aggressiveness toward the three crop plants. Both P. boreale and P. mercuriale were found to be lowly aggressive on the host plants. The results indicated that members of Phytopythium, particularly plant-pathogenic species, are common in arable soils of West Azarbaijan Province and can pose a threat to agricultural crops in the region.