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PTEN gene transcription is stimulated by TP53

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reactome.org2025-03-26 收录
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PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10) is a tumor suppressor gene that is deleted or mutated in a variety of human cancers. TP53 (p53) stimulates PTEN transcription (Stambolic et al. 2000, Singh et al. 2002). PTEN, acting as a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT signaling, affects cell survival, cell cycling, proliferation and migration. PTEN regulates TP53 stability by inhibiting AKT-mediated activation of TP53 ubiquitin ligase MDM2, and thus enhances TP53 transcriptional activity and its own transcriptional activation by TP53. Beside their cross-regulation, PTEN and TP53 can interact and cooperate to regulate survival or apoptotic phenomena (Stambolic et al. 2000, Singh et al. 2002, Nakanishi et al. 2014).<br>In response to UV induced DNA damage, PTEN transcription is stimulated by binding of the transcription factor EGR1 to the promoter region of PTEN (Virolle et al. 2001).<br>PTEN transcription is also stimulated by binding of the activated nuclear receptor PPARG (PPARgamma) to peroxisome proliferator response elements (PPREs) in the promoter of the PTEN gene (Patel et al. 2001), binding of the ATF2 transcription factor, activated by stress kinases of the p38 MAPK family, to ATF response elements in the PTEN gene promoter (Shen et al. 2006) and by the transcription factor MAF1 (Li et al. 2016).<br>NR2E1 (TLX) associated with transcription repressors binds the evolutionarily conserved TLX consensus site in the PTEN promoter. NR2E1 inhibits PTEN transcription by associating with various transcriptional repressors, probably in a cell type or tissue specific manner. PTEN transcription is inhibited when NR2E1 forms a complex with ATN1 (atrophin-1) (Zhang et al. 2006, Yokoyama et al. 2008), KDM1A (LSD1) histone methyltransferase containing CoREST complex (Yokoyama et al. 2008), or histone deacetylases HDAC3, HDAC5 or HDAC7 (Sun et al. 2007).<br>Binding of the transcriptional repressor SNAI1 (Snail1) to the PTEN promoter represses PTEN transcription. SNAI1-mediated repression of PTEN transcription may require phosphorylation of SNAI1 on serine residue S246. Binding of SNAI1 to the PTEN promoter increases in response to ionizing radiation and is implicated in SNAI1-mediated resistance to gamma-radiation induced apoptosis (Escriva et al. 2008). Binding of another Slug/Snail family member SNAI2 (SLUG) to the PTEN gene promoter also represses PTEN transcription (Uygur et al. 2015).<br>Binding of JUN to the AP-1 element in the PTEN gene promoter (Hettinger et al. 2007) inhibits PTEN transcription. JUN partner FOS is not needed for JUN-mediated downregulation of PTEN (Vasudevan et al. 2007).<br>Binding of the transcription factor SALL4 to the PTEN gene promoter (Yang et al. 2008) and SALL4-medaited recruitment of the transcriptional repressor complex NuRD (Lu et al. 2009, Gao et al. 2013), containing histone deacetylases HDAC1 and HDAC2, inhibits the PTEN gene transcription. SALL4-mediated recruitment of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) is also implicated in transcriptional repression of PTEN (Yang et al. 2012).<br>Binding of the transcription factor MECOM (EVI1) to the PTEN gene promoter and MECOM-mediated recruitment of polycomb repressor complexes containing BMI1 (supposedly PRC1.4), and EZH2 (PRC2) leads to repression of PTEN transcription (Song et al. 2009, Yoshimi et al. 2011).

PTEN(第10染色体上缺失的磷脂酶和张力蛋白同源物)是一种肿瘤抑制基因,其在多种人类癌症中发生缺失或突变。TP53(p53)通过Stambolic等人(2000年),Singh等人(2002年)的研究发现,可刺激PTEN的转录。PTEN作为PI3K/AKT信号通路的负调节因子,影响细胞存活、细胞周期、增殖和迁移。PTEN通过抑制AKT介导的TP53泛素连接酶MDM2的激活,调节TP53的稳定性,从而增强TP53的转录活性和TP53对其自身转录激活的作用。除了相互调节外,PTEN和TP53还可以相互作用并协同调节细胞的存活或凋亡现象(Stambolic等人,2000年,Singh等人,2002年,Nakanishi等人,2014年)。在紫外线诱导的DNA损伤的刺激下,转录因子EGR1与PTEN启动子区域结合,刺激PTEN的转录(Virolle等人,2001年)。PTEN的转录还受到激活的核受体PPARG(PPARgamma)与PTEN基因启动子中的过氧化物酶体增殖剂反应元件(PPREs)结合(Patel等人,2001年)、ATF2转录因子(由p38 MAPK家族的应激激酶激活)与PTEN基因启动子中的ATF反应元件结合(Shen等人,2006年)以及转录因子MAF1(Li等人,2016年)的刺激。<br>NR2E1(TLX)与转录抑制剂的关联结合在PTEN启动子中的进化保守的TLX共识位点。NR2E1通过与多种转录抑制因子结合,可能以细胞类型或组织特异性方式抑制PTEN的转录。当NR2E1与ATN1(萎缩素-1)(Zhang等人,2006年,Yokoyama等人,2008年)、KDM1A(LSD1)组蛋白甲基转移酶含有CoREST复合物(Yokoyama等人,2008年)或组蛋白脱乙酰化酶HDAC3、HDAC5或HDAC7(Sun等人,2007年)形成复合物时,PTEN的转录受到抑制。<br>转录抑制因子SNAI1(Snail1)与PTEN启动子结合,抑制PTEN的转录。SNAI1介导的PTEN转录抑制可能需要SNAI1在丝氨酸残基S246上的磷酸化。SNAI1与PTEN启动子的结合在电离辐射的刺激下增加,并涉嫌在SNAI1介导的γ射线诱导的凋亡抵抗中发挥作用(Escriva等人,2008年)。另一个Slug/Snail家族成员SNAI2(SLUG)与PTEN基因启动子的结合也抑制PTEN的转录(Uygur等人,2015年)。<br>JUN与PTEN基因启动子中的AP-1元件结合(Hettinger等人,2007年)抑制PTEN的转录。JUN的伙伴FOS对于JUN介导的PTEN下调并非必需(Vasudevan等人,2007年)。<br>转录因子SALL4与PTEN基因启动子的结合(Yang等人,2008年)以及SALL4介导的转录抑制因子复合物NuRD(Lu等人,2009年,Gao等人,2013年)的募集,包括组蛋白脱乙酰化酶HDAC1和HDAC2,抑制PTEN基因的转录。SALL4介导的DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs)的募集也涉嫌在PTEN的转录抑制中发挥作用(Yang等人,2012年)。<br>转录因子MECOM(EVI1)与PTEN基因启动子的结合以及MECOM介导的包含BMI1(假定PRC1.4)和EZH2(PRC2)的多梳抑制复合物的募集,导致PTEN转录的抑制(Song等人,2009年,Yoshimi等人,2011年)。
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