Characteristics of chronic low back pain patients (CLBP) and healthy controls (HC).

VAS: visual analog scale (0–100) with 0 =  ‘no pain’ and 100 =  ‘pain as bad as you can imagine’; Average back pain intensity last 4 weeks, pain intensity rating in response: ‘‘How would you rate your average back pain over the last four weeks?’’; Maximum (Max.) back pain intensity last 4 weeks, pain intensity rating in response to: ‘‘How would you rate your maximum back pain over the last four weeks? BDI: Beck Depression Inventory [57], [58]; RDQ: Roland and Morris disability Questionnaire [54]–[56]. SD: standard deviation. QST: Quantitative sensory testing.