Clinical, pathologic and molecular characteristics of colon cancer cases according to CIMP status.

(%) indicates the proportion of cases with a specific clinical feature within each MSI/CIMP subtype.
∧Proximal colon includes cecum to transverse colon, and distal colon includes splenic flexure to sigmoid colon.
*p53 and β-catenin status was determined by immunohistochemistry. Active β-catenin was defined as β-catenin score ≥3, where the β-catenin score was the sum of nuclear (0, 1+ or 2+), cytoplasmic (0, 1+ or 2+) and membrane (0 or 1+ if expression is lost) scores as originally described by Jass et al.[35].
#t-test assuming unequal variances.
CIMP, CpG island methylator phenotype; LINE-1, long interspersed nucleotide element-1; MSI, microsatellite instability; SD, standard deviation.