Evaluating the genetic variation of the COI gene of Insecta: Implications for DNA barcoding, metabarcoding and species delimitation studies

The genetic variation of the COI gene has a great effect on the final results of the species delimitation studies. However, little research has comprehensively investigated the genetic divergence in COI among Insecta. The fast-growing COI data in BOLD provide an opportunity for comprehensively appraising the genetic variation in COI among Insecta. We calculated the K2P distance of 64,414 insect species downloaded from BOLD. The match ratios of the clustering analysis based on different thresholds were compared among 4,288 genera (35,068 species). Besides, we also compared the match ratios obtained from two species delimitation methods: the clustering analysis (distance-based method) and the bPTP analysis (tree-based method). Furthermore, the effectiveness of two different results of the bPTP analysis: bPTP_h and bPTP_ml was also tested. Approximately one-quarter of the species of Insecta showed high intraspecific genetic variation (> 3%), and a conservative estimate of this value is ...