Sterilization and disinfection

Sterilization and disinfection are important infection control methods used in the Operation Theatre (OT) to prevent the spread of microorganisms and maintain patient safety. These methods help reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) during surgical procedures. Sterilization is the process of completely destroying all forms of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and bacterial spores. It is commonly performed using methods such as autoclaving, dry heat, ethylene oxide gas, and hydrogen peroxide plasma. Disinfection is the process of eliminating many harmful microorganisms from instruments and surfaces, but it may not destroy bacterial spores. Common disinfectants include alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide. Proper cleaning, sterilization, and disinfection of surgical instruments, medical equipment, and OT surfaces are essential for maintaining a safe and hygienic surgical environment. Healthcare workers must follow standard infection control protocols to prevent cross-contamination and surgical site infections.