Optimizing The Transition to A Low-Carbon Electricity Sector for Indonesia

Indonesia's energy sector is transitioning to a low-carbon future, aiming for net-zero emissions by 2060. This thesis uses the PLEXOS model to optimize pathways for renewable energy integration, energy storage, super grid development, and carbon pricing. This study begins with modelling the Java-Bali and Sumatra grids, demonstrating that a 100% renewable energy system requires significant energy storage. The model is then expanded to the national grid, integrating inter-island transmission, renewable energy sources and carbon pricing. Key findings include the optimal configuration for energy storage, large-scale grid augmentation, and the level of the price on carbon to drive Indonesia’s sustainable energy transition.