Incentivizing Sanitation Uptake and Sustainable Usage through Micro Health Insurance Impact Evaluation 2014, Baseline Survey - India

Abstract
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This study has been designed to investigate innovative ways of increasing the uptake and usage of safe sanitation and to provide evidence on the links between improved sanitation and health insurance. It does so by studying two distinct but linked projects.

Component 1 promotes the take up of improved sanitation with microfinance loans provided by Grameen Koota in rural Maharashtra. Social mobilization will be conducted by the NGO Navya Disha. These interventions aim to improve health and reduce health care costs of the poor in rural India, potentially reflected in lower health insurance claim volumes.

Component 2 proposes to explore primary community health insurance provided to communities that become open defecation free (ODF), conditional on sustaining their ODF status. If this is successful, the evidence will be strong advocacy material to encourage insurance companies to promote similar products at low rates throughout India, improving the sustainability of ODF.

A household listing exercise and a baseline survey were conducted from September 2014 to January 2015. Two main goals of the baseline data collection were to provide a snapshot of the study population, serving as a useful tool to understand the context in which the intervention is taking place, and to formally test whether there are any systematic differences between the treatment and control group prior to the intervention. The baseline survey collected information on socio-economic and welfare characteristics of household members, including access to sanitation facilities, self-reported open defecation, and prevalence of disease.

Random assignment of treatment and an endline survey are planned after the baseline survey. The endline survey will follows the same households sampled in baseline, and supplement additional to account for any potential attrition.

Geographic coverage
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120 Gram Panchayats in two Districts in Maharashtra, Nanded and Latur.

Analysis unit
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- Villages
- Households

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Detailed description of sampling procedures is available in "Understanding the Links and Interactions between Low Sanitation and Health Insurance in India Baseline report", pp.34-44.

Mode of data collection
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Computer Assisted Personal Interview [capi]

Research instrument
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The data was collected using the following survey instruments:
- Listing questionnaire
- Community (village) questionnaire
- Household questionnaire
- Women questionnaire
- Men questionnaire

摘要
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本研究旨在探讨提高安全卫生普及率和使用率的新颖途径，并探究改善卫生状况与健康保险之间的联系。研究通过分析两个相互关联但独立的工程项目来实现这一目标。
组件1通过农村马哈拉施特拉邦的格拉明库塔提供的微额贷款，推动改善卫生设施的使用。非政府组织纳维达希沙将负责社会动员工作。这些干预措施旨在提升农村印度贫困人群的健康状况，降低医疗保健成本，从而可能反映在降低健康保险索赔量上。
组件2则提议探索向实现开放式排泄物免费（ODF）状态的社区提供初级社区健康保险，条件是维持其ODF状态。如果此项目成功，将提供强有力的倡导材料，鼓励保险公司以低廉的价格在全国范围内推广类似产品，从而提高ODF的可持续性。
从2014年9月到2015年1月，进行了家庭名录和基线调查。基线数据收集的两个主要目标是：提供研究人口的快照，作为理解干预措施实施背景的有用工具；以及在干预措施之前正式检验治疗组和对照组之间是否存在系统性差异。基线调查收集了关于家庭成员社会经济和福利特征的信息，包括卫生设施的可及性、自报开放式排泄，以及疾病的流行情况。
在基线调查之后，计划进行随机分配治疗组和终期调查。终期调查将跟随基线调查中抽取的相同家庭，并补充额外信息以弥补任何可能的流失。
地理覆盖范围
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马哈拉施特拉邦的两个区，南安德和拉图尔的120个乡村。
分析单元
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- 村庄
- 家庭
数据类型
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样本调查数据 [ssd]
抽样程序
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抽样程序的详细描述可在《理解印度低卫生状况与健康保险之间的联系与相互作用基线报告》第34-44页找到。
数据收集方式
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计算机辅助个人访谈 [capi]
研究工具
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数据收集使用以下调查工具：
- 家庭名录问卷
- 社区（村庄）问卷
- 家庭问卷
- 妇女问卷
- 男性问卷