THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE BUKHARA EMIRATE IN THE 18TH–19TH CENTURIES: THE ACTIVITIES OF MADRASAHS AND MUDARRISES

This article analyzes the educational system of the Bukhara Emirate in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, focusing particularly on the activities of madrasahs and mudarrises within the socio-cultural and political environment of the period. During the rule of the Mangit dynasty, Bukhara preserved its historical position as one of the most important centers of Islamic learning in Central Asia. Madrasahs functioned not only as institutions of religious education but also as centers for the training of legal scholars, judges, teachers, scribes, and state officials. The article examines the organization of the educational process, curricula, teaching methods, the social status of mudarrises, waqf-based financing systems, and the intellectual life that developed around madrasahs. Attention is also given to the relationship between traditional educational practices and the social transformations that emerged in the nineteenth century. Based on Uzbek historical and pedagogical literature, the study demonstrates that the educational institutions of the Bukhara Emirate played a decisive role in preserving Islamic scholarship, manuscript culture, moral education, and scientific traditions in Central Asia. The article further highlights the role of mudarrises as influential representatives of intellectual authority whose activities shaped both educational development and public life in the emirate.