Rapid Detection of IDH Mutations in Gliomas by Intraoperative Mass Spectrometry

<p>Glioma is the most common neoplasm in the central nervous system. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system, adult gliomas are classified into IDH mutant (IDH-mut) and IDH wildtype (IDH-wt). IDH mutation status plays an important role in the diagnosis and prognosis as patients with IDH-mutant glioma exhibit higher survival rates. Tumor resection through craniotomy surgery is the most important prognostic modulator in glioma patients. However, the maximal tumor resection is difficult to achieve due to the diffuse nature of gliomas, which demands sensitive and rapid tools for intraoperative diagnosis. The commonly utilized methods for molecular diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and genetic testing, don’t satisfy the requirements for intraoperative evaluations. IDH-mut enzyme converts α-ketoglutaric acid to 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which is a unique oncometabolite in IDH-mut glioma. Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) and direct capillary spray (DCS) MS are rapid and sensitive tools that enable detection of IDH mutation in brain tissue with minimal sample preparation. This dataset includes tandem MS results which were obtained intraoperatively by DESI-MS and DCS-MS at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA and Huashan Hospital, Shanghai, China, respectively. The results provided here are representative of all the data collected; included are DESI-MS data from the eight tissue biopsies of subject 53 at Mayo Clinic.</p>