3D gait analysis data of children with CP used for gait classification

The data results from a search of the database of the clinical motion analysis laboratory of University Hospital Pellenberg for gait analysis sessions of children with unilateral or bilateral spastic CP, aged between 3 to 18 years and GMFCS levels I, II, or III. Children with marked signs of dystonia or ataxia were excluded, but any previous treatments were allowed.Data collection is as described by Nieuwenhuys et al. (Nieuwenhuys A, Papageorgiou E, Molenaers G, Monari D, De Laet T, Desloovere K. Inter- and intrarater clinician agreement on joint motion patterns during gait in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2017, doi 10.1111/dmcn.13404). Briefly, the data was obtained by a standardized 3DGA measurement using optoelectronic cameras (Vicon Motion Systems, Oxford, UK), observing reflective markers, attached by clinical experts to the anatomical landmarks of the child’s lower legs, following the Plug-In-Gait marker configuration. Children were walking barefoot at a self-selected speed. The joint angles and their derivatives were obtained through the Nexus software. Additionally, the kinematic data was time-normalized to the overall gait cycle (pelvis in the sagittal (PS), coronal (PC), and transverse (PT) plane; hip in the sagittal (HS), coronal (HC), and transverse (HT) plane; and foot progression angle (FPA)) or to the stance and swing phase (knee during stance (KSTS) and during swing (KSWS) in the sagittal plane; ankle during stance (ASTS) and during swing (ASWS) in the sagittal plane) and interpolated resulting in 51 data points for each time-varying variable. All available trials were included in the study and classified according to the consensus-based joint motion patterns [6], by either one of the two involved clinical experts. For each patient, 2 to 15 trials were used per session, with an average number of four trials. Multiple sessions per patient could be included, involving sessions before and after intervention (botulinum toxin injections, selective dorsal rhizotomy or orthopaedic surgery), as well as follow-up sessions expression the natural history (275 patients had one session, 67 had two sessions and 14 patients had more than two sessions included in the database). The interval between gait analysis sessions was 2 to 3 months for botulinum toxin injections, and 1 year for selective dorsal rhizotomy and orthopaedic surgery. Including gait analysis sessions before and after interventions created a generic database that allows to develop classification algorithms that are valid for all clinically common patient conditions. This classification was used as the ground-truth when training and validating the automatic classifiers. Pathological gait patterns were classified in comparison to the averaged walking patterns of 56 typically developing children, aged between 5 and 18 years, who had no previous history of neuromotor or musculoskeletal disorders.