CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP) at Cape Shirreff (CSS) for chinstrap penguins (PYN), gentoo penguins (PYP), and Antarctic fur seals (SEA)

Cape Shirreff is located on the northern point of Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands (Subarea 48.1). The USA monitors this site, collecting data on the following parameters for each species: **Chinstrap and gentoo penguins**: Breeding population size Duration of foraging Breeding success Chick weight at fledging Chick diet Breeding chronology **Antarctic fur seals**: Duration of seal cow foraging Pup growth **Purpose of CEMP:** In order to provide information of the effects of fishing on dependent species, CCAMLR set up the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Program (CEMP) in 1989. The two aims of CEMP are to: 1) Detect and record significant changes in critical components of the marine ecosystem within the Convention Area, to serve as a basis for the conservation of Antarctic marine living resources. 2) Distinguish between changes due to harvesting of commercial species and changes due to environmental variability, both physical and biological.