Extra-EU natural gas import share from Russia 2010-2024

Russia accounted for 18 percent of the value of natural gas imports into the European Union (EU) from non-EU countries in the second quarter of 2024. The share was higher than in the corresponding period of the previous year, but significantly lower than in 2021. The decrease was due to the Western sanctions on Russia over its invasion of Ukraine and the reduction of gas supplies by Gazprom to Europe. Which EU countries import gas from Russia?In 2023, the EU imported 27 billion cubic meters of natural gas via pipelines from Russia, compared to 140 billion cubic meters in 2021. Among the EU countries, Germany was by far the largest importer of natural gas from Russia. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries such as Poland, Czechia, and Hungary also ranked in the top 10 before the war in Ukraine given their high dependence on Russian gas. After the onset of the war in 2022, Turkey and China emerged as some of the largest buyers of Russian pipeline gas. The future of natural gas in a climate-neutral EuropeGas continues to be the second-most important primary energy source in the EU, after petroleum-based products. However, to stay within the Paris Agreement’s target of 1.5 degrees Celsius, the EU is actively looking for ways to accelerate the transition to more renewable sources of energy, including the adoption of the European Green Deal and the Commission’s "Fit for 55" proposal and RePowerEU plan. Under these sustainable scenarios, the European gas demand is estimated to fall from 617 billion cubic meters in 2018 to 380 billion cubic meters in 2040.

俄罗斯在2024年第二季度对欧盟（EU）从非欧盟国家进口的天然气价值中占据了18%的份额。这一比例较去年同期有所上升，但与2021年相比则显著降低。这一下降趋势主要归因于西方国家针对俄罗斯对其乌克兰侵略行为实施的制裁，以及俄罗斯天然气工业股份公司（Gazprom）对欧洲天然气供应量的减少。哪些欧盟国家从俄罗斯进口天然气？2023年，欧盟通过管道从俄罗斯进口了270亿立方米的天然气，而2021年这一数字为1400亿立方米。在欧盟国家中，德国无疑是俄罗斯天然气最大的进口国。在乌克兰战争爆发前，波兰、捷克和匈牙利等中东欧（CEE）国家由于高度依赖俄罗斯天然气，也位列前十。2022年战争爆发后，土耳其和中国成为俄罗斯管道天然气的一些最大买方。在气候中立的欧洲，天然气的未来仍将持续作为继石油产品之后的第二重要的一次能源来源。然而，为了保持在巴黎协定中设定的1.5摄氏度的目标范围内，欧盟正在积极寻求加速向更多可再生能源的转型途径，包括采纳欧洲绿色协议以及委员会提出的“适应55”提案和RePowerEU计划。在这些可持续的情景下，预计到2040年，欧洲的天然气需求将从2018年的6170亿立方米下降至3800亿立方米。