Effects of Supplementing with Astragalus and Fermented Astragalus 45 Days Before Parturition on Ruminant Microbial Community Structure, Plasma Metabolites, Milk Composition, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunological and Growth Performance in Ewes and L

This study focuses on the impacts of maternal supplementation with Astragalus and fermented Astragalus (a natural herbal resource with potential functional properties) on both ewes and their lambs, covering multi-faceted outcomes: rumen microbial community structure, plasma metabolic profiles, milk nutritional composition, antioxidant defense systems, immune function, and growth performance.