COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF CALCULOUS AND ACALCULOUS CHOLECYSTITIS: PATHOPHYSIOLOGY, TREATMENT APPROACHES, AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES

This review offers a detailed academic synthesis of calculous and acalculous cholecystitis, two distinct yet overlapping forms of gallbladder inflammation. It examines their underlying causes, the intricate molecular and cellular processes involved in gallbladder inflammation, contemporary management options (including targeted antimicrobial regimens), and evidence-based preventive measures. Particular attention is given to key mechanisms such as inflammatory signaling pathways, ischemia-reperfusion damage, and the importance of streamlined clinical protocols for optimal patient outcomes.