Online Survey on Persons Displaced from Ukraine

Since 24 February 2022, the European Union has experienced a mass influx of people fleeing the war in Ukraine. In response, the European Council activated the Temporary Protection Directive for the first time providing minimum protection standards for people fleeing the war. The survey explored how people fleeing the war experienced the assistance provided to them and seeks to identify the problems they face. The findings support policy makers to further develop and target their responses.

The Online survey on persons displaced from Ukraine was carried out by the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) in 2022. The survey targeted people living in ten EU Members States: Bulgaria, Czechia, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Spain. It was a large-scale open online survey into experiences and views of people fleeing the war in Ukraine.

The survey addressed a wide range of issues related to displaced persons’ stay in the EU, including access to employment, education, housing, healthcare, language learning and other issues affecting their social and economic integration. It also asked people about their experiences of violence.<br>1. Questionnaire adults:

Living in Ukraine just before the war on 24 February 2022; current country of residence; valid biometric passport; kind of problems when entering the EU; type of information received (education in the current country, employment, learning the language of the current country, accommodation, health care, psychological support services);

household composition: respondent’s sex; current marital status; family members remaining in Ukraine; frequency of contact with family members in Ukraine by different means of contact; family members in the current country;

housing: sharing housing with others; accommodation with a host or a host family; paying rent for housing; housework, care for children or older people in exchange for housing; problems with accommodation (e.g. lack of privacy, too much noise, no quiet/ separate room for children to study, etc.); satisfaction with the current accommodation;

residence and status: applied for temporary protection; current possession of a residence permit; information on the rights and benefits provided in understandable language; outcome of temporary protection application; applied for asylum; outcome of the asylum application; future plans;

education: attendance of education just before leaving Ukraine; current educational attendance; mode of education; current level of education; reasons for not attending school; assessment of skills in the language of the country of residence; attendance of national language courses; satisfaction with the current education;

employment: looking for work in the country of residence; problems in accessing employment; currently in paid work; if not currently in paid work: in paid work in the current country since leaving Ukraine; main reasons for not working; starting new job or business in the current country; kind of employment contract; correspondence between current job and level of education; experienced problems at work (e.g., labour exploitation); sector of economy of labour exploitation;

economic situation: types of income; actors providing assistance; possession of a bank account in the current country; ability of household to make ends meet;

living situation: feeling of unfairly treatment; current state of mind (satisfaction with life);

health: subjective assessment of own health condition; longstanding illness or health problem; limitation in daily activities in the past six months because of a health problem; problems when using or trying to use health care services; using of health care services in the country; frequency of different feelings since arrival in the current country;

violence: experiences with various forms of violence in Ukraine since the war started in February 2022 and in the EU; reporting any of these incidents that happened during the time in the EU to the police or to any other authority or organisation; consequences (result) of the incidents experienced since the war started in February 2022; medical or psychological support received;

demographic characteristics: main activity status/ employment situation just before leaving Ukraine; urbanization; main language(s) spoken at home; comfort scale about having neighbours with different backgrounds (e. g. a person with disabilities, someone from Russia, etc.); belonging to minority groups; where did the respondent hear about the survey; agreement with participation of children.

2. Questionnaire children:

Parent’s consent; residing in Ukraine before the war; current country of residence; valid biometric passport; kind of problems when entering the EU; type of information received (education in the current country, employment, learning the language of the current country, accommodation, health care, psychological support services);

household composition in Ukraine just before the war started; family members co-fleeing Ukraine; family members remaining in Ukraine; frequency of contact with family members in Ukraine by different means of contact; family members in the current country; legal guardian in the current country;

housing: sharing housing with others; accommodation with a host or a host family; paying rent for housing; housework, care for children or older people in exchange for housing; problems with accommodation (e.g. lack of privacy, too much noise, no quiet/ separate room for children to study, etc.); satisfaction with the current accommodation;

residence and status: applied for temporary protection; current possession of a residence permit; future plans;

education: school attendance just before leaving Ukraine; current school attendance; mode of education; current level of education; reasons for not attending school; teachers speaking the language that the respondent mainly speaks at home; study materials in the language that the respondent mainly speaks at home; assessment of skills in the language of the country of residence; attendance of a country language course; satisfaction with the current education/ training;

employment: looking for work in the country of residence; problems in accessing employment; currently in paid work; if not currently in paid work: in paid work in the current country since leaving Ukraine; starting new job or business in the current country; kind of employment contract; correspondence between current job and level of education; experienced problems at work (e.g., labour exploitation); sector of economy of labour exploitation;

economic situation: ability of household to make ends meet;

living situation: possession of items (computer/ tablet, internet (at home), mobile phone or smartphone); frequency of contact with people in the current country of residence (friends from school and with friends from outside of school); participation in different activities in leisure; feeling of unfairly treatment; current state of mind (satisfaction with life);

health: subjective assessment of own health condition; longstanding illness or health problem; problems when using or trying to use health care services; using of health care services in the country; frequency of different feelings since arrival in the current country; speaking about problems with whom; frequency of using support services (school counsellor, psychologist outside the school);

violence: experiences with various forms of violence in Ukraine since the war started in February 2022 and in the EU; reporting any of these incidents that happened during the time in the EU to the police or to any other authority or organisation; consequences (result) of the incidents experienced since the war started in February 2022; medical or psychological support received;

demographic characteristics: sex; urbanization; main language(s) spoken at home; comfort scale about having neighbours with different backgrounds (e. g. a person with disabilities, someone from Russia, etc.); belonging to minority groups; where did the respondent hear about the survey; influence of other persons present during the interview.

Recoded variables: Respondent’s age; number of children under respondent’s responsibility; length of stay in current country; citizenship(s) possessed; where does the respondent currently live; highest level of education completed; minority in terms of racial or ethnic origin, or religion; respondent considers being LGBT; activity limitation; accommodation type.

Additionally coded were: random respondent ID; adult or children; respondent ID of the person by whom child was referred to the questionnaire; current country of residence; last page; start language; country in which the respondent is currently staying; weighting factors.