Magnitude uncertainty dominates intermodel spread in zonal-mean precipitation response to anthropogenic aerosol increase

Anthropogenic aerosols are an important driver of historical climate change, but the climate response is not fully understood, and the climate model simulations suffer from large uncertainties. Based on a multi-model ensemble of historical aerosol forcing simulations for a period of global aerosol increase during 1965–1989, here, we show that the precipitation response shares a common southward displacement of the tropical rain band, but the magnitude differs markedly among models, accounting for 76% of the intermodel uncertainty in zonal-mean precipitation change. Our analysis of atmospheric energetics further reveals key mechanisms for magnitude uncertainty: aerosol radiative forcing drives, cloud radiative feedback amplifies, and ocean circulation damps the intermodel uncertainty in cross-equatorial atmospheric energy transport change and the meridional shift of tropical rain bands. This has important implications for understanding and reducing intermodel uncertainty in anthropogenic..., , , # Magnitude uncertainty dominates intermodel spread in zonal-mean precipitation response to anthropogenic aerosol increase

Dataset DOI: [10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8qh](10.5061/dryad.4j0zpc8qh)

## Description of the data and file structure

The zip file contains the variables of 13 CMIP6-DAMIP models in hist-aer and hist-GHG single-forcing simulations and the variables of 7 models in piClim-histaer simulation that I used in this study.

### Files and variables

#### File: Geng_2025.zip

**Description:** 

The dataset archive (Geng_2025.zip) contains three subfolders corresponding to three CMIP6 simulation experiments:

hist-aer: Historical simulations with anthropogenic aerosol-only forcing

hist-GHG: Historical simulations with greenhouse gas–only forcing

piClim-histaer: An Atmospheric General Circulation Model experiment where SST is kept constant at the pre-industrial monthly climatology, and only the anthropogenic aerosols radiative forcing varies historically over time.

**Folder Struc...