NMR Spectroscopic and Computational Study of Conformational Isomerism in Substituted 2‑Aryl‑3H‑1-benzazepines: Toward Isolable Atropisomeric Benzazepine Enantiomers

Certain 2-aryl-3H-1-benzazepines are conformationally mobile on the NMR time scale. Variable-temperature NMR experiments bolstered by calculations indicate that alkylation of the azepine ring will slow the interconversion of conformational enantiomers markedly. DFT studies show that, while the substitution patterns of the aryl groups at C2 and C4 do not exert large effects on the rate of enantiomerization, alkylation at C5 slows it appreciably. Alkylation at C3 slows enantiomerization even more, possibly to the extent that isolation of atropisomers might be attempted.