Urinary incontinence (UI); studies in chronological order.

Ambu = ambulant; CIC = clean-intermittent catheterisation; Crede = manual expression to empty the bladder; IC = indwelling catheter; HC = hydrocephalus; L = lumbar; MMC = myelomeningocele; NS = not specified; PS = perineal sensation; S = sacral; UD = urinary diversion; UI = urinary incontinence; void = normal voiding. aIf no subgroup is mentioned, this figure applies to the entire cohort. b20 patients with incontinent diversion after undergoing undiversion; call patients with intact bladder (i.e., no UD); ddry was defined as: ‘continent most of the time’; ethese figures are only given for patients performing CIC; fpatients without UD; gexemption; only median age is stated, whereas in all other studies, mean age is given.