NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS ACCOMPANIED BY COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS AND THE RELEVANCE OF OPTIMIZING THEIR TREATMENT

Cognitive impairments are often linked to Parkinson's disease (PD), a neurodegenerative ailment. These may result directly from the underlying illness or may be brought on by outside variables in vulnerable people who have Parkinson's disease or other risk factors. The cognitive disorders include delirium, cognitive side effects of PD treatment, cognitive non-motor fluctuations, PD-associated psychosis, and PD-associated cognitive impairment (PD-CI). Since delirium frequently results from an underlying illness that may be severe and call for specialized care, an accurate diagnosis is essential. A general deterioration in memory and other cognitive abilities that is severe enough to impair a person's capacity to carry out daily tasks is referred to as dementia. It is characterized by a steady and progressive decline in cognitive function. Memory loss and a partial or substantial lack of understanding of their deficiencies are common in affected patients. The assessment and treatment of dementia are reviewed in this activity, which also emphasizes the interprofessional team's involvement in providing care for patients with this illness. It also discusses pathogenesis, risk factors, and difficulties in identifying and treating this range of cognitive illnesses. However, it is believed that delirium and Parkinson's disease (PD) have comparable clinical symptoms due to shared molecular pathways. Furthermore, delirium and PD-CI interact in both directions, leading to frequent concurrent processes that make identification even more challenging. Currently, there is no trustworthy biomarker for delirium, and clinical criteria are the main basis for diagnosis. However, there is no specific validation for PD in the screening techniques that have been validated for identifying delirium in the general population. Our review identifies current gaps in the research and discusses the difficulties in diagnosing these cognitive impairments.